BIOL 196 1st Edition Lecture 24Outline of Last Lecture I. Cardiovascular DiseaseII. 7 measures of CV HealthIII. What factors can injure the endothelium?IV. What is inflammation?V. What causes chronic inflammation?VI. What is plaque made of?VII. What causes the heart attack?Outline of Current Lecture I. Other factors (CVD)II. Eggs Britain Medical Journal 2014III. Lifestyle changes vs. surgeryIV. Weight control V. Obesity VI. Assessing body fat distribution VII. Obesity and healthVIII. Where we lose it first Current LectureI. Other factors (CVD)a. Exerciseb. Red wine; alcohol in moderation!!These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.i. Red wine does not help until you are at least 50 years oldii. Alcohol does increase risk of breast cancerc. Fruits/vegetables B6/B12/folateII. Eggs Britain Medical Journal 2014a. 1 egg/day does not increase risk of coronary heart disease or stroke b. Higher consumption might increase risk of Diabetes c. Higher consumption might decrease risk of hemorrhagic strokesIII. Lifestyle changes vs. surgery a. People in this study all had heart attacksb. All 3 groups met with a dietician before leaving hospitali. 2 of 3 groups met on regular basis with dieticianii. 1 of 3 groups did not meet again c. The 2 groups that met regularly, were 2/3 less likely to have heart attack or die (than control group)i. Sometimes family and friends not supportive of new lifestyle 1. Because it affects relationships (such as “you’re healthy now, but I’m not” or “I don’t like to work out with you”…etc.)IV. Weight control a. Complexb. Premature babies especially <5.5 lbs. at birth have increased risk of Diabetes and obesity c. Easy for some, not for others i. Same for keeping weight offd. As society, we need to get away from judgementsV. Obesitya. Too much body fati. 30+ extra lbs. on a 5’4’’ frameb. Female :i. 20-32% body wt in fat is normalii. 31-33% borderline obeseiii. 33%+ obesec. 6% have severe obesity: BMI >40, >100 lbs. over a healthy weight d. BMI 25-29; some ethnicities may be even lower numbers that are considered obesee. Waist circumference: Women: <35’’ Men: <40’’VI. Assessing body fat distribution a. Android/visceral fat adiposityi. Intra-abdominal fat; “apple shaped”ii. Fat cells are larger and “resistant” to insuliniii. Increases TG levelsb. Gynoid adiposityi. Subcutaneous fat in thighs and hipsii. Pear shaped1. An advantage to this is protects metabolic rate of body2. But it is more stubborn fat to lose3. Sometimes if a woman nurses longer than 6 months, they can endup a smaller weight than before pregnancy!VII. Obesity and healtha. Obesity is not a healthy statei. At first, people only knew bad for heart, then Type 2, then cancerb. Cancers strongly related to obesityi. In U.S. 14% of men and 20% of women are overweight and obeseii. Major theories: estrogen/hormonal involvement, also insulin and inflammation1. Everyone makes estrogen in fat (and women in ovaries too), so more fat = more estrogen produced, which screws with your body’s regulation…CANCERc. Small weight losses:i. Can lower blood pressure, LDL, Cholesterol, risk of other diseasesd. Other possible disadvantagesi. Psychological disadvantagesii. Social problems: especially in children (see themselves as bigger than they are-as adults)iii. Economic disadvantages: job discrimination, employment options VIII. Where we lose it firsta. Women: arms, middle,
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