BIO 196 1st Edition Lecture 17 Outline of Last Lecture I. BreakfastII. Healthy breakfastsIII. Examples of healthy cerealsIV. BreadsV. Gluten- a proteinVI. Gluten sensitivity VII. Diabetes Mellitus Outline of Current Lecture I. PreDiabetesII. CDC 2012III. Type 1IV. LADA V. Type 2Current LectureI. PreDiabetesa. Up to 70% developed Type 2 Diabetesb. Many have vascular complications c. Increases risk of CVD, kidney disease, and retinopathyd. Weight loss the key; exercise can help but not much as weight loss, because weight loss lowers blood sugarsII. CDC 2012a. 58% reduced risk of getting: Type 2i. Lose 7% of their body weight (~15 pounds for a 200 lb. person)ii. Exercise 150 min/weekThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.b. Time factor:i. The longer you have a high blood sugar, the harder to reverse c. Diabetes Care 2014i. w/ no weight loss: Cardio exercise- increases in fitness can decrease death in prediabeticsii. compared fit and unfit; exercise modified the effect between adiposity and death III. Type 1a. Metabolic disease: affects metabolism of all nutrients i. Typically get around age 12b. Genetics: fraternal twins, 5-6% concordance and identical twins 50%; 1 parent: 2-6% chance; both parents 30% chance c. Not 100% because not just genetics, it’s environment/lifestylei. Causes: we don’t know why; beta cells are destroyed of the pancreas (no insulin being produced)d. An autoimmune disease that destroys the beta cells of the pancrease. Sudden onsetf. Starting to increase in populationg. Theory: environmental trigger that causes an immune response which makes ourimmune cells destroy the pancreatic beta cellsh. Triggers:i. Viral infection ii. Cow’s milk exposure in infancy iii. Toxic chemicals?IV. LADA a. Latent autoimmune diabetes of the adulti. Misdiagnosed: usually don’t get until their late 30sb. Initial symptoms: people think they are type 2; but eventually they can’t produce any insulin and they realize they are type 1c. Develops more slowly V. Type 2a. Progressive disease-things get worse and worseb. Expensive disease- 2007 in the U.S. direct costs were $116 Billionc. Often undiagnosed for yearsi. People make up excuses like, “ oh I’m just getting old, that’s why my eyes are bad” NO THEY ARE DAMAGED!d. >60 genes at present are involved in environmental triggerse. Insulin resistancei. Insulin produced at high rates to combat high blood sugarsii. But the beta cells often eventually decrease in number and can die off, causing insulin
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