BIOL 196 1st Edition Lecture 19Outline of Last Lecture I. Type 1II. Type 2III. Pima IndiansIV. Symptoms Outline of Current Lecture I. Pima IndiansII. Symptoms of Diabetes continued from prior lectureIII. Diabetes complications IV. TreatmentCurrent LectureI. Pima Indiansa. Came to this continent 2000 years agoi. They were healthy until 1868 when forced to live on reservation and they had no water (settlers came and river went dry)ii. Unhealthy food came from government II. Symptoms of Diabetes continued from prior lecturea. Glucosuria i. Glucose in the urine. NOT NORMALii. In untreated Diabetes b. Acetone breathi. Produced from one of the ketones 1. Usually Type 1c. Dehydrationd. High blood sugari. Hyperglycemiae. Ketosis-type 1 can lead to a comaf. Coma-in Type 2, but often from dehydration These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.g. Pins and needles sensationsh. Loss of feelings; in toes, fingers, etc.i. Can easily burn themselves without knowing it at first 1. Infections occur more easily ii. If controlled, most can be kept at a minimum, but most Americans don’t have it under control III. Diabetes complicationsa. Heart disease- 2-4 times more often (damaged vessels)b. Stroke- 2-4 times more likely (damaged vessels)c. Hypertension- 67% of all diabetics i. High blood pressure d. Blindness- leading cause of blindness in U.S. 12k-24k new cases a year in the U.S. e. Kidney disease- (failure-leading cause)f. Nerve damage- affects 60-70%g. Amputations- 60% of non-traumatic cases (leading cause)h. Pregnancy complications/birth defectsi. Dental disease-periodontal disease lose your teeth because it affects bones that hold your teeth inj. More severe effects from diseases/flu/pneumoniak. Increase in infections-EX: UTI, thrush, fungal, bacterial, parasitic, etc.l. Foot problems-anything from ulcers to joint problems where they can’t even walkm. Cancer risk increases compared to people of same age who are not diabetic IV. Treatment a. Better control-good medication, education= lower risk of complicationsb. Type 1: best results from 3-5+ insulin injections/day instead of 1i. Drastically reduced complicationsii. Not entered into Blood, that’d cause crash, it’s in fatty tissues to be absorbedc. New option: inhaled, fast acting insulin to be used with long acting injectioni. But lot of unknowns, like affect on
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