Social Psychology Pt. 2Social CategorizationRefers to automatic assignment in brains (adaptive skills/action)Helps to condense amount of information we have to deal withHelps to make quick decisionsEx: distinguish between red and greenType of cognitive ability – automatically assign a person to a category or group based upon characteristics they have based upon our previous experiencesEx: old vs. young; black vs. white; male vs. femaleHappens without our awareness of this processStereotypingWhen a social categorization is taken a bit furtherBelief that because an individual belongs to a certain group, that they all share the same characteristics of that groupEx: all women are bad driversResult – keeps us from seeing individuality and uniqueness of individual people**not all old people are slowCan be positive or negativeMost often negativeAssume negative quality based upon groupingPrejudiceAn unsupported stereotypeA belief/attitude toward an individual/group/eventTypically negative (could be positive – EX: all old people are wise)Internal thoughtsDiscriminationBehavior that involves treatment of an individual or group based on prejudiceTypically negative – could be positiveTHE ROBBER’S CAVEStudies how group assignment or membership changes behaviorBoys assigned to 3 groups competing with each other:1. Within group solidarityresearchers wanted the groups to dislike each other but like members of their own group2. Succeeded in creating negative stereotyping of the other groups3. Set the stage for hostile between-group interactions(Coming out of the Cave) Wanted to see if prejudices could be overcome through:1. Equal status contactgroups had to work together for common goal they all wanted to achieve2. Groups had common goalshad to work together (intergroup dependence)3. One-on-one interactionsboys from different groups worked togetherhostility dissolvesRules of AttractionInterpersonal AttractionLiking or having the desire to establish a relationship with another personFactors:1. Proximityhow close the person is to you2. Similarityalikeness between two people3. Reciprocitywe like people who like us backSternberg Triangular Model of LoveIntimacyEmotional connectednessKnowing someone and having them really know youPassionPhysical attraction and byproducts of that attractionCommitmentWilling to be there in the relationshipExclusivity in the relationshipPromise to be with that person***Ideally a person would want all three components in “love”pretty rare, according to researchersusually doesn’t last when this does existStanford Prison ExperimentZimbardo, 1971Investigated the power of rolesSubjects were male, mostly college studentsSome subjects were prison guards, others were prisonersSocial Role: Pattern of expected behavior in a particular social situationAssigned subjects to role of prisoner or guard**Study was supposed to last two weeks – because of how aggressive and abusive the guards became the study ended in 5 daysprisoners staged revolt, some stopped eating, some became emotionally distraughtGuards became aggressive and abusivePower of the IndividualThe power of social influence is enormous, but so is the power of the individualEx: Gandhi and his influence as a single individual and his resistance that resulted in many positive changesAltruismConsidered pro-social behaviorAn unselfish regard for the welfare of othersBystander EffectLikelihood of a bystander helping in a bad situation decreases as the number of bystanders increasesDiffusion of responsibilityPSY 0010 1st Edition Lecture 15 Outline of Last Lecture I. Social Psych Pt. 1Outline of Current Lecture II. Social Psych Pt. 2a. Social categorizationb. Experimentsc. Power of group vs. individualCurrent Lecture Social Psychology Pt. 2- Social Categorizationo Refers to automatic assignment in brains (adaptive skills/action)o Helps to condense amount of information we have to deal with Helps to make quick decisions  Ex: distinguish between red and greeno Type of cognitive ability – automatically assign a person to a category or group based upon characteristics they have based upon our previous experiences Ex: old vs. young; black vs. white; male vs. female Happens without our awareness of this process- Stereotypingo When a social categorization is taken a bit furthero Belief that because an individual belongs to a certain group, that they all share the same characteristics of that group Ex: all women are bad driverso Result – keeps us from seeing individuality and uniqueness of individual people **not all old people are slowo Can be positive or negative Most often negative Assume negative quality based upon groupingThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Prejudiceo An unsupported stereotypeo A belief/attitude toward an individual/group/event Typically negative (could be positive – EX: all old people are wise)o Internal thoughts- Discriminationo Behavior that involves treatment of an individual or group based on prejudice Typically negative – could be positive THE ROBBER’S CAVE- Studies how group assignment or membership changes behavior- Boys assigned to 3 groups competing with each other:o 1. Within group solidarity researchers wanted the groups to dislike each other but like members of their own groupo 2. Succeeded in creating negative stereotyping of the other groupso 3. Set the stage for hostile between-group interactions- (Coming out of the Cave) Wanted to see if prejudices could be overcome through:o 1. Equal status contact groups had to work together for common goal they all wanted to achieveo 2. Groups had common goals had to work together (intergroup dependence)o 3. One-on-one interactions boys from different groups worked together hostility dissolves Rules of Attraction- Interpersonal Attractiono Liking or having the desire to establish a relationship with another person- Factors:o 1. Proximity how close the person is to youo 2. Similarity alikeness between two peopleo 3. Reciprocity we like people who like us back Sternberg Triangular Model of Love- Intimacyo Emotional connectedness  Knowing someone and having them really know you- Passiono Physical attraction and byproducts of that attraction- Commitment o Willing to be there in the relationshipo Exclusivity in the relationshipo Promise to be