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Pitt PSY 0010 - Origins of Psychology
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I. The Field of PsychologyHistory of psychologyRooted in philosophy and the natural sciences (ex: biology)Psych is only about 135 years oldStudies interaction between mind and behavior (body and mind)India: BuddhaAsked questions about thinkingOne of the basic components about psychologyChina: ConfuciusPower of ideas and importance of an educated mindSocrates and PlatoSuggested that the mind is separate from the body – that they are not connectedWe now know that this is not trueSuggested that the mind exists after deathWe are not able to prove or disprove thisSuggested that ideas are innateThis is probably not true – thinking skills develop over time with interactionAristotleBelieved that the “soul” (the mind) was not separable from the bodyThat they corresponded with each otherBelieved that knowledge grows with experienceRene Descartes (1596-1650)Believed that the mind (soul) and body were separateWondered how mind & bodyJohn LockeMind = tabula rasa (blank slate) at birthFrancis Bacon (Founder of experimental methodAllows us to look at cosmic effectEmpiricismEmpiricalBased on the observation and experimentationStructuralismWundt (1879)Founded the school of thought called “structuralism”How do people think, feel, and behave?Titchener (late 1800s)Student of WundtStarted lab at Harvard UniversityBoth adhered to structuralismTo figure out how the mind workedWanted to know how the mind is structured through external eventsDied out in the early 1900sStill known as the earliest of attempts at psychologyFunctionalismWilliam James (1870s)Harvard UniversityHis school of thought was called FunctionalismWhat are the causes and consequences of behavior?GestaltTheory created in GermanyWertheimer“the whole is greater than the sum of its parts”we have to look at the whole individual, not just one part of a personPsychoanalyticSigmund Freud (1856-1939)Was the first to suggest, based on work in clinical studies, that symptoms came from their mind and were based in their mental state and not in their physical stateMaybe their mental state was causing certain symptoms? (revolutionary thought at the time)EmphasizedUnconscious mindEarly experienceBehaviorismIvan Pavlov (1903)Discovered Classical ConditioningJohn B. Watson (1913)“Science of Behavior”B.F. Skinner (1953)Developed operant conditioningHow the consequences of behavior affect decisionsHumanismCarl Rogers (1951)“Person Centered” TheoryAbraham Maslow (1970)Hierarchy of needs“Self Actualization”to reach your full potentialCognitiveAtkinson & Shiffrin (1968)Scientific exploration of memory and other cognitive processesCognitive neuroscienceSimilar to cognitive psychologyLooks at connection between mind and body – grounded in research not just philosophical connectionImportant TheoriesSocioculturalWe are influenced by other people and we influence other peopleThe belief systems in our culture influence usBiopsychologyLooks at other aspects of our biology and physiology and how that affects our mental psychologyEvolutionaryStudies the shared and universal human characteristics that we all possessDraws from natural selectionPSY 001 1st Edition Lecture 1 Outline of Last Lecture I. Overview of syllabusOutline of Current Lecture I. The Field of PsychologyCurrent Lecture -History of psychologyoRooted in philosophy and the natural sciences (ex: biology)oPsych is only about 135 years oldStudies interaction between mind and behavior (body and mind)oIndia: BuddhaAsked questions about thinkingOne of the basic components about psychologyoChina: ConfuciusPower of ideas and importance of an educated mindoSocrates and PlatoSuggested that the mind is separate from the body – that they are notconnectedWe now know that this is not trueSuggested that the mind exists after deathWe are not able to prove or disprove this Suggested that ideas are innateThis is probably not true – thinking skills develop over time with interactionoAristotleBelieved that the “soul” (the mind) was not separable from the bodyThat they corresponded with each otherBelieved that knowledge grows with experienceoRene Descartes (1596-1650)Believed that the mind (soul) and body were separateWondered how mind & body oJohn Locke Mind = tabula rasa (blank slate) at birthoFrancis Bacon (Founder of experimental methodAllows us to look at cosmic effect -EmpiricismoEmpiricalBased on the observation and experimentationStructuralism-Wundt (1879)oFounded the school of thought called “structuralism”oHow do people think, feel, and behave?-Titchener (late 1800s)oStudent of WundtoStarted lab at Harvard University -Both adhered to structuralismoTo figure out how the mind workedoWanted to know how the mind is structured through external eventsoDied out in the early 1900sStill known as the earliest of attempts at psychologyFunctionalism-William James (1870s)oHarvard University oHis school of thought was called Functionalism What are the causes and consequences of behavior?Gestalt-Theory created in GermanyoWertheimer-“the whole is greater than the sum of its parts”owe have to look at the whole individual, not just one part of a person Psychoanalytic-Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)oWas the first to suggest, based on work in clinical studies, that symptoms came from their mind and were based in their mental state and not in their physical stateMaybe their mental state was causing certain symptoms? (revolutionary thought at the time)-EmphasizedoUnconscious mindoEarly experienceBehaviorism-Ivan Pavlov (1903)oDiscovered Classical Conditioning-John B. Watson (1913)o“Science of Behavior”-B.F. Skinner (1953)oDeveloped operant conditioningHow the consequences of behavior affect decisionsHumanism-Carl Rogers (1951)o“Person Centered” Theory-Abraham Maslow (1970)oHierarchy of needso“Self Actualization”to reach your full potentialCognitive-Atkinson & Shiffrin (1968)oScientific exploration of memory and other cognitive processes-Cognitive neuroscienceoSimilar to cognitive psychologyoLooks at connection between mind and body – grounded in research not just philosophical connectionImportant Theories-SocioculturaloWe are influenced by other people and we influence other peopleoThe belief systems in our culture influence us-BiopsychologyoLooks at other aspects of our biology and physiology and how that affects ourmental


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