DOC PREVIEW
Pitt PSY 0010 - Reinforcement
Type Lecture Note
Pages 3

This preview shows page 1 out of 3 pages.

Save
View full document
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 3 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 3 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience

Unformatted text preview:

Learning, Cont.Continuous and Partial ReinforcementContinuousused when you are first trying to establish a behaviorcould begin to lose its ability to maintain a behavior after some timePartialMore effective in retaining a behavior that has been establishedReinforcement SchedulesFixed intervalFixed ratioVariable intervalVariable ratioPunishmentBehavior (response) followed by unpleasant consequenceIntended to reduce the behavior (response)Negative PunishmentAss something undesirable after a behavior (response)Ex: getting a ticket for not paying the parking meterProblems with PunishmentFear, anxietySometimes follows painful/uncomfortable punishmentsAvoidanceAvoid getting caughtLearn to be sneakyBehavior not performed in front of authorityModeling of aggressionEffective PunishmentPunishment should be immediatePunishment should be consistentPunishment should be paired with reinforcement for correct behaviorsShapingReinforcing “successive approximations” to reach a target behaviorEx: pigeon pecking button THEN turning around to receive foodBehavior ModificationToken economyEX: gaining stickers for remaining in seat; reach a certain amount of stickers, get a prizeApplied behavior analysis (ABA)Application of Operant ConditioningParentingPositive reinforcement desirable behaviors, ignore undesirable behaviorsEducationShape learning in small steps; token economySportsPrinciples of reinforcement used to enhance performanceWorkplaceReinforcers influence productivityBiofeedback and NeurofeedbackBiofeedbackControlling involuntary responses (e.g. blood pressure) via biologival feedbackNeurofeedbackModifying behavior via brain scanning and feedback about brain activityCognitive Learning TheoryEarly learning theory1950s and 1960s: increased focus on mental events (cognition)Tolman: Latent LearningMental representationsLearning without obvious reinforcementsNot association learningCognitive mapsSeligman: Learned HelplessnessLearned helplessnessTendency to fail to act to escape from a situation because a history of repeated failuresBandura: Observational LearningModelingBasing behavior based off observationVicarious learningMay or may not involve reinforcementBobo doll experiment (1961)Two Conditions:Aggressive and non-aggressive modelsViewers of aggression played more aggressivelyModels behavior imitated even in absence of rewardPSY 0010 1st Edition Lecture 9 Outline of Last Lecture I. Perception ContinuedII. HypnosisIII. Psychoactive DrugsIV. Learninga. Conditioningb. AssociationOutline of Current Lecture II. ReinforcementsIII. TheoriesIV. Famous ExperimentsCurrent Lecture Learning, Cont. Continuous and Partial Reinforcement- Continuous o used when you are first trying to establish a behavior could begin to lose its ability to maintain a behavior after some time - Partialo More effective in retaining a behavior that has been established Reinforcement Schedules- Fixed interval- Fixed ratioThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Variable interval- Variable ratio Punishment- Behavior (response) followed by unpleasant consequence- Intended to reduce the behavior (response) Negative Punishment- Ass something undesirable after a behavior (response)o Ex: getting a ticket for not paying the parking meter Problems with Punishment- Fear, anxietyo Sometimes follows painful/uncomfortable punishments- Avoidance o Avoid getting caughto Learn to be sneakyo Behavior not performed in front of authority- Modeling of aggression Effective Punishment- Punishment should be immediate- Punishment should be consistent- Punishment should be paired with reinforcement for correct behaviors Shaping- Reinforcing “successive approximations” to reach a target behavior o Ex: pigeon pecking button THEN turning around to receive food Behavior Modification- Token economyo EX: gaining stickers for remaining in seat; reach a certain amount of stickers, get a prize - Applied behavior analysis (ABA) Application of Operant Conditioning- Parentingo Positive reinforcement desirable behaviors, ignore undesirable behaviors- Educationo Shape learning in small steps; token economy- Sportso Principles of reinforcement used to enhance performance- Workplaceo Reinforcers influence productivity  Biofeedback and Neurofeedback- Biofeedbacko Controlling involuntary responses (e.g. blood pressure) via biologival feedback- Neurofeedbacko Modifying behavior via brain scanning and feedback about brain activity Cognitive Learning Theory- Early learning theory- 1950s and 1960s: increased focus on mental events (cognition) Tolman: Latent Learning- Mental representations- Learning without obvious reinforcementso Not association learning- Cognitive maps Seligman: Learned Helplessness- Learned helplessnesso Tendency to fail to act to escape from a situation because a history of repeated failures  Bandura: Observational Learning- Modelingo Basing behavior based off observationo Vicarious learningo May or may not involve reinforcement - Bobo doll experiment (1961)o Two Conditions: Aggressive and non-aggressive models Viewers of aggression played more aggressively  Models behavior imitated even in absence of


View Full Document
Download Reinforcement
Our administrator received your request to download this document. We will send you the file to your email shortly.
Loading Unlocking...
Login

Join to view Reinforcement and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or
We will never post anything without your permission.
Don't have an account?
Sign Up

Join to view Reinforcement 2 2 and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or

By creating an account you agree to our Privacy Policy and Terms Of Use

Already a member?