Major Depressive DisorderDepressed moodAnhedoniaLack of pleasureSleep and/or appetite disturbancesFeelings of worthlessnessFatigue, poor concentrationSuicidal thoughts/behaviors**Have to: have at least 5 symptoms and go on for two weeksDysthymia**Closer to normal moodchronic, low moodlonger duration, lower intensity than major depression**has to go on for two yearsManic EpisodeExpensive moodIrritabilityInflated self-esteemIncreased energy, pressured speechIncreased, excessive activityBipolar DisorderSwitches between manic episodes and depressive episodesGo in-between at least one manic episode and at least one depressive episodeFluctuate between the two episodesEating Disorders (two kinds)1. Anorexia NervosaWorld wideHas to do with controlRefusal to maintain normal body weight (<85% of expected body weight)Intense fear of weight gainHyper focused on eating habits, body image, etc.Distorted self-evaluationAmenorrheaPeriods stop, can’t have children2. Bulimia Nervosano control, out of controlat average weight or even maybe over weightEpisodes of overeating followed by “compensatory” behaviorsVomiting, laxative use, excessive exercising, fastingAlso seen in anorexia but not in reaction to eating because they do not eat muchTypically normal or above normal weightBody ImageWestern cultures tend to place more emphasis on a thin body image than do other culturesDissociative DisordersNot very commonBreak in conscious awareness, memory and/or sense of identity1. Dissociative Amnesiamemory lossfor personal information related to a traumatic eventexplained by our unconscious mind not letting us access this memory2. Dissociative Fuguetravel from familiar surroundingsafter traumatic eventDissociative Identity DisorderPerson seems to have 2 or more distinct personalities (they change all the time)Traumatic events“core” personality; “alter” personalitycan create these new personalities to escape a traumatic eventSchizophreniaMany different types; doesn’t go awayOnset late adolescence/early adulthoodAffects 1 in 100 people worldwide (24 million)Some biological or genetic influenceEffects:Psychosis: out of touch with realityDisorganized thinkingInappropriate emotions and behaviorPositive Symptoms (too much or added not good):Excesses of or additional to normal behavior1. Delusionsunshakeable false beliefs2. Hallucinationsdisturbed or false perceptionsNegative SymptomsLess than, or an absence of, normal behaviorPoor attention, can’t focusFlat affectPoor speech productionDoesn’t talk much at allCategories of Schizophrenia1. Disorganizedhallucinations, confused speech, inappropriate emotion, social impairments2. Catatonicperiods of statue-like immobility mixed with bursts of wild, agitated movement and talking3. Paranoiddelusions of persecution, grandeur, and jealousy, together with hallucinationsBiological ExplanationsReduction in dopamine reduces positive symptomsSimilar rate worldwideGenetic similarityIncrease riskMorphological changed in brain like enlargement of fluid, filled ventriclesPersonality DisordersCharacterized by:1. Inflexible and enduring behavior patterns2. Impairment in social functioning3. Typically without depression, anxiety or delusionsAnti-Social Personality DisorderLack of morals or conscience for wrongdoingImpulsiveLack regard for consequencesFormerly “sociopath” or “psychopath”Don’t learn from experiencesBorderline Personality DisorderMoodyUnstable and unclear sense of identityClings to others, yet pushes them awayPSY 0010 1st Edition Lecture 19 Outline of Last Lecture I. Psychological Disorders Pt. 1Outline of Current Lecture II. Psychological Disorders Pt. 2Current Lecture Major Depressive Disorder- Depressed mood- Anhedoniao Lack of pleasure- Sleep and/or appetite disturbances- Feelings of worthlessness- Fatigue, poor concentration- Suicidal thoughts/behaviors - **Have to: have at least 5 symptoms and go on for two weeks Dysthymia- **Closer to normal mood- chronic, low mood- longer duration, lower intensity than major depression- **has to go on for two years Manic Episode- Expensive mood- Irritability- Inflated self-esteemThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Increased energy, pressured speech- Increased, excessive activity Bipolar Disorder- Switches between manic episodes and depressive episodeso Go in-between at least one manic episode and at least one depressive episode- Fluctuate between the two episodes Eating Disorders (two kinds)- 1. Anorexia Nervosao World wideo Has to do with control- Refusal to maintain normal body weight (<85% of expected body weight)- Intense fear of weight gaino Hyper focused on eating habits, body image, etc.- Distorted self-evaluation- Amenorrheao Periods stop, can’t have children- 2. Bulimia Nervosao no control, out of controlo at average weight or even maybe over weight- Episodes of overeating followed by “compensatory” behaviorso Vomiting, laxative use, excessive exercising, fastingo Also seen in anorexia but not in reaction to eating because they do not eat much- Typically normal or above normal weight Body Image- Western cultures tend to place more emphasis on a thin body image than do other cultures Dissociative Disorders- Not very common- Break in conscious awareness, memory and/or sense of identity- 1. Dissociative Amnesiao memory losso for personal information related to a traumatic evento explained by our unconscious mind not letting us access this memory- 2. Dissociative Fugueo travel from familiar surroundings after traumatic event Dissociative Identity Disorder- Person seems to have 2 or more distinct personalities (they change all the time)- Traumatic events- “core” personality; “alter” personality- can create these new personalities to escape a traumatic event Schizophrenia- Many different types; doesn’t go away- Onset late adolescence/early adulthood- Affects 1 in 100 people worldwide (24 million)o Some biological or genetic influence- Effects:o Psychosis: out of touch with realityo Disorganized thinkingo Inappropriate emotions and behavior- Positive Symptoms (too much or added not good):o Excesses of or additional to normal behavioro 1. Delusions unshakeable false beliefso 2. Hallucinations disturbed or false perceptions- Negative Symptomso Less than, or an absence of, normal behavioro Poor attention, can’t focuso