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Pitt PSY 0010 - Social Psychology Pt. 1
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Social Psychology Pt. 1Social PsychologyScientific study of how we think about, influence and relate to one anotherApplications:Business, industrial/organizational psychology, education, politicsNormsRules about how to actWhen violated, people feel uncomfortableRoles“parts” you play in lifeCultureProgram of shared rules that govern a community or societyConformityAdjusting ones behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standardBehavior is contagious; modeled by one and followed by anotherAsch – group pressure and conformity studyVisual perception trick  subjects conformed due to group pressure even though it was obvious it was not the right answerConditions That Strengthen ConformityFactors:One is made to feel incompetent or insecureGroup has at least 3 peopleGroup is unanimousOne admires groups status’s attractivenessOne has no prior commitment or responseGroup observes one’s behaviorOne culture strongly encourages respect for a social standardGroupthinkDesire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides realistic appraisal of alternativesResults in poor decisionsTendency to ignore information contrary to group’s positionStereotyping of “out-group” members (cliquey)Feelings of invulnerabilityBelief that group is always rightStrong pressure to conformComplianceDoing something differently because you are told toConsumer psychologyFoot in the door: first asks for small request (get foot in) then asks for moreDoor in the face: asked for larger commitment first and then shown smallerEx: expensive car shown first, and then shown cheaper modelLowball: lowball it first then raise the priceEx: give car for $2,000  Jill $3,000That’s not all: makes an offer and offers something more to complyObedienceCompliance based on authority figureRequest becomes more of a commandStanley MilgramStudied affects of authority on obedienceParticipants (“teachers”) instructed to give electric shocks to another person (“learner”) pretending to be shocked will people obey authority figure even though they think they are hurting people2/3 of people did it due to authority figure even if it violates owns ethical characterSocial FacilitationOthers’ presence improves performanceSocial LoafingWhen working on same task, others’ presence leads to less effortAttitudeTendency to respond positively or negatively to people, ideas, events, etc.Affective, behavioral and cognitive componentsPersuasionAttempt to change another’s attitude via argument, explanation, etc.Source – communicator. Persuasion more likely if communicator is an expert, found attractive, or if you feel similar to themMessage – clear and well organized  more persuasiveTarget audience – tailor one message using appropriate languageElaboration Likelihood ModelCentral Route ProcessingPay attention to central topic, speaker is clear, personally interested in topic, motivated to apply one speakers ideasPeripheral RouteSpeaker seems to be an expert, nicely dressed, I am tired, talk is too longCognitive DissonanceWhen attitudes and behavior conflictTo relieve tension, we bring our attitude closer to our actions … or change our behaviorEx: smoking – we know its bad  either change our attitude and say its not that bad or we try to stop smokingAttribution Theory – HeiderWe tend to give casual explanations for someone’s behavior  explain behavior by the situation or the person’s dispositionEx: why is a person driving slowly: say maybe he is lost or an idiotFundamental Attribution ErrorOverestimate the impact of personal disposition and underestimate one impact of the situation when analyzing othersPSY 0010 1st Edition Lecture 14 Outline of Last Lecture I. Developmental PsychologyOutline of Current Lecture II. Social PsychologyCurrent Lecture Social Psychology Pt. 1 Social Psychology- Scientific study of how we think about, influence and relate to one another- Applications:o Business, industrial/organizational psychology, education, politics- Normso Rules about how to act When violated, people feel uncomfortable- Roleso “parts” you play in life- Cultureo Program of shared rules that govern a community or societyAlso includes values and belief systems- Conformityo Adjusting ones behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard Behavior is contagious; modeled by one and followed by another Asch – group pressure and conformity studyThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Visual perception trick  subjects conformed due to group pressure even though it was obvious it was not the right answer Conditions That Strengthen Conformity- Factors:o One is made to feel incompetent or insecureo Group has at least 3 peopleo Group is unanimouso One admires groups status’s attractiveness o One has no prior commitment or responseo Group observes one’s behavioro One culture strongly encourages respect for a social standard- Groupthinko Desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides realistic appraisal ofalternatives Results in poor decisions Tendency to ignore information contrary to group’s position Stereotyping of “out-group” members (cliquey) Feelings of invulnerability Belief that group is always right Strong pressure to conform- Complianceo Doing something differently because you are told to Consumer psychology Foot in the door: first asks for small request (get foot in) then asks for more Door in the face: asked for larger commitment first and then shown smaller- Ex: expensive car shown first, and then shown cheaper model Lowball: lowball it first then raise the price- Ex: give car for $2,000  Jill $3,000 That’s not all: makes an offer and offers something more to comply- Obedienceo Compliance based on authority figure Request becomes more of a commando Stanley Milgram Studied affects of authority on obedience Participants (“teachers”) instructed to give electric shocks to another person (“learner”) pretending to be shocked  will people obey authority figure even though they think they are hurting people- 2/3 of people did it due to authority figure even if it violates owns ethical character- Social Facilitationo Others’ presence improves performance- Social Loafingo When working on same task, others’ presence leads to less effort- Attitudeo Tendency to respond


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