SCIENCE IN REVOLT Astronomy in the revolution White text write down Medical Universe Geocentric Earth is at the center Top hollow sphered o Moon o Sun o 5 planets mercury venus mars o 2 movable starts o Fixed starts Outside Heaven Moving in harmony Made up of 4 elements o Earth fire water air and sometimes wood o Come in two types Light elements Air and fire Heavy elements Earth and water o The spheres are made out of a 5th element Quintessence Aristole o Believed in Geocentric earth in the center o Uniform Circular motion All the celestial bodies Move in perfect circle Always move the same speed No one contradicted him for thousand easy Ptolemaic Universe o Refined Aristrotlian model o 10 clestial spheres o Round earth Measured by Eratosthenes o Epicycles Math problems o Position of the planes is unpredictable The ancient could predict the positions of the planets mathematically but wasant very accurate Retrogade motion Epicycles spinning along the path Ptolemaic universe and the church o Accepted the Ptolemaic model o Added Heaven beyond the 10th circle o Celestial sphere pushed by angels o Became accepted as doctrine Great chain of being o Main is God s greatest creation Man must be at the center of the Universe Lives on earth so o Earth is the center of the universe More math problems o Still can t quite predict the position of the planets o Because one needs infinite number of epicycles not possible so this model does not reflect Nicholas Copernicus o Polish scientist o Catholic Clergyman o Lived 1473 1543 o Published findings on his death bed o De revolutions orbium coelestium On the revolution of the celestial spheres Says the universe is heliocentric The sun is at the center of the universe Based on another greek theory Major change All findings were theoretical o No proof Heliocentric universe Sun is in the center Planets move around it Still sphere fixed stars Put the planets in the correct order Published De Revolutionibus Orbium COlestium Contradic Aristotle Contradicts church doctrine o Is man still the center of creation o Is the church fallible Banned in 1616 o Almost 75 years after it was published Changeable universe o Church says that universe is finished Cannot change o In 1572 a new star Actually a supernova Tychi Brahe o 1546 1601 o Danish Astronomer o Affected by supernova o Observed sky for 20 years Used naked eye The rudolfine tables Dies before he could do anything with his observations Johannes Kepler o 1571 1630 o Student of Brahe In herited rudofine tbales Mathematician Publish finding in 1609 Astronomia Nova new astronomy Kepler s universe o Heliocentric o Orbits of planets are elliptical o Don t move at uniform speed The planets move backward because the earth is faster and passes them Solves the math problem o The historical models of planetary motion Galileo Galilei o 1564 1642 o Italian nobleman o Started as a theologian o Astromian New scientific method o The old method Theory Hypothesis Observation Confirmation o The new method Oberservation Pattern Tentative hypothesis Theory Discovery of the telloscope o Galileo was the first to use it for star gazing o Invented around 1608 in Netherlands o Magnified 30 times What he saw o Jupitar and it s moon Callisto Ganymede Lo Europs o Things orbit around other things not earth What else he saw o The phases of the moon o Phases of venus Could only happen if venus is orbiting the sun o The imperfections of the moon Identified the milky way bright band of stars our galaxy Found sun spots with a helioscope Dialogue concerning the two chief world systems o Published in 1632 o Compares Copernican helioscentric system with the traditional Ptolemaic geocentric system o Very dismissive even derogatory toward the Ptolemaic Heresy o Pervious guys weren t a threat o Galileo was Nobel Catholic Italian Easy to understand o Arrested by church in 1634 Sentenced to death Commuted to house arrest Doesn t stop science o The universe can be changed by scientific thought Hierachy of spheres disporved o Maybe so can human hierarchies How divine is divine rule Is the obility really superior to the common classes