America Gains it s freedom 1800 1929 Brazil Napoleon Bonaparte o Invades Portugal in 1812 Royal family flees to Brazil Portuguese royal family return in 1821 Viceroy remains o Dom Pedro I 1822 1831 1822 emperor of brazil Adopts a Constitution Opens up Free trade o Dom Perdo II 1831 1889 Overthrown by military coup o Formed democracy The Spanish Colonies Spanish possessions o Large part of southern north America o All of central America o Almost all of south America Social Structure in Spanish colonies o Peninsulares born in spain with Spanish parents 1 st class citizens o Creoles both parents are Spanish but born in the new world 2 nd class citizens o Mestizos half native and half spanish o Mulattos lowest and half Spanish and half African o Natives these people came over Colonies vs Sapin Commercial o 1550 1750 colonies develpp independent of Spain Internal trade and production o 1717 Casa de Contratacion Board of Trade Control trade within the colony Carlos III o 1759 1788 Created two new viceroyalties New Granada Rio de la Plata Instituted free trade Special benefits for Spanish merchants Simulated overseas economies Damaged local trade o Coffe beans sugar cane hides leather silver production in mexico which was the Spanish currency Colonies vs Spain Law and Order o Viceroy Council Audiencia made up of peninsulares Increased defenses taxes Problems Brewing o Spanish arrival Natives Christianized and enslaved o Mestizos and Mulattos denied rights o Creoles denied power o 1793 1815 difficulties sailing to New World Condorcanqui tupac Amaru II o 1780 s Peru revolts o Combined natives and Castas o Crushed 1781 Viceroyalty of New Granda o Peasants and workers elect Comun Marched on Bogota and won their demands Spanish army gathers and crushes rebels Meanwhile in Spain 1808 Napoleon replaces Spanish monarch Ferdinand VII with Joseph Bonaparte Back in Latin America Second wave of revolts o Soldiers are mestizos and mulattos o Generals are creoles o Simon Bolivar o Jose San Martin o Bernardo O Higgins Simon Bolivar meeting Jose San Martin By 1826 all colonies south of Mexico were independent o However Creoles in charge Little else changes Neocolonialism After revolutions o Foreign investors arrive Britain and U S late 19th century Build railroads Control industry farming and finances o GunBoat Doplomacy granting treaty of trade through threatening with arms Slavery fades and labor demands increase o European immigration encouraged over local labor o But what was happening in North America
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