Revolutions and Nation Building in Western Europe Napoleonic Europe Europe was a confused tangle of countries French revolutionary armies conquered o Lowlands to the north Belgium and the Netherlands o Northern Italy Napoleon added to this parts of western Germany Europe in war since 1790 s Congress of Vienna Congress called by those who defeats France o Austria o Russia o Prussia o England Bring Europe back together Redivde Europe Napoleon was defeated at Waterloo in 1815 Prince Klemens von Metternich Quadruple alliance continued to treat France leniently Start to see a pattern that dominates Europe until 19 th century o Balance of power Metternich o Austrian foreign minister o 1821 2848 o Wished for pre French revolutionary Europe Revolutions only 2 types exists One country tries to free itself from control of another Attempts by those in a country to change the government Revolution in Spain type 2 1820 liberals resented the tyrannical behavior of Ferdinand VII Promised constitutional reforms Liberal Revolution was crushed by French army June Rebellion 1832 French Revolution of 1848 Luis Philippe replacing Louis Napoleon French Republic 1848 Republic established Led by a president President Louis Napoleon o Nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte o Shared power with national assembly o Republic lasted 4 years Napoleon III r 1852 1870 o o o o o 1851 Coup d tat Seized power Became hereditary emperor Calls himself Napoleon III Gradually liberalized the empire European Turmoil in 1848 Three years war skirmish in Denmark Revolutions in German states Revolution in Italy Revolution in Hungry o Nearly successful attempt to free Hungry from Austria Great Britain Increasing number of political exiles in London Time of Struggle Reform bill of 1832 o Industrial areas gain representation in House of Commons Ten Hours Act of 1847 o Limited workday for women and children in factories Corn Laws leads to 1846 Potato famine Great potato Famine Crop failure in 1845 1846 1848 and 1851 Blight plant sickness Attacked young plants Rotted tubers Let to o Famine o Increase prices o Starvation o Emigration o Epidemics Nationalism and Nation Building between 1820 1871 1 France 2 Italy 3 Germany Franko Mexican war 1861 Franco Prussian War French Perspective 1870 1871 Alarmed by Prussia s power French lost Napoleon III abdicated power France Returned to being a republic Meeting of Carbonari 1820 Revolt led by secret society called the Charcoal Burners Revolt failed miserably 1848 o Helped by king of Piedmont and pope Pius IX o Defeated by Austrians Sardinia Piedmont Victor Emmanuel king of Sardinia Count Camillo Benso di Cavour Prime minister Sardinia appeared to middle class Italians as suited for national unification Count Camillo Benso di Cavour Sought unity for northern and central Italy Diplomatic secret alliance with Napoleon III July 1858 groaded Austria into attacking Sardinia Franco Sardinian forces and victorious Garibaldi 1860 Force in politics Supported secretly by Cavour Captures Sicily Captures southern Italy and area around Rome Victor Emmanuel King of Sardinia Rome falls in 1871 to united Italy First King of a United Italy Neither Radical nor democratic Great Mustache yes it actually said that Rhine Confederation Map Huge number of different German speaking countries Briefly became the Confederation of Rhine under one of Napoleon s brothers All changes after fall of Napoleon Otto Von Bismarck Master of Politics Prussian minister in 1862 Reorganized the army Reduces Austria Wars with o Denmark 1864 o Austria 1866 o France 1870 1871 o Unified Germany The great questions of the day will not be decided by speeches and resolutions but by the blood and iron Otto Von Bismark