PSYC 2700 Lecture 11 Outline of Last LectureI. Jean PiagetII. BackgroundIII. TermsIV. Achievements of Sensorimotor PeriodOutline of Current LectureI. PreoperationalII. Socio-Political BackgroundIII. IQ ScoresIV. Emergence of SAT’sV. Bayley Test for infants and young childrenCurrent LecturePiaget (1896-1980) and Cognitive GrowthI. Preoperational (2-7 years)a. Irreversibility: children unable to reason backwards such as if you get two and three, then loose five you have none. b. Transforming of states: children being able to draw what happens when something falls or liquidmoves inside a bottle.c. Unable to conserve: Do not recognize that water retains its amount when the container is changed. d. Transductive reasoning: in the case of a little boy having a hunchback and then getting influenza,recovery in A does not necessarily mean recovery in B. e. Egocentrism: i. Visual-children have difficulty comprehending that another person has a different viewpoint or perception. ii. Verbal- language is as if they are talking to themselves rather than talking in order for another person to understand them. Intelligence Testing and ChildrenI. Socio-Political Backgrounda. Francis Galton (1822-1911)i. “Hereditary Genius” (1869): looked into the patterns of military, political, employment patterns among families. Did not account for the opportunity of education and advancement depending on family location and status. ii. Carl Pearson (assistant to Galton) 1. Came up with the correlation coefficientb. Alfred Binet (1857-1911)i. Concerns about reliability and validityThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.1. Tested reliability by repeating tests and validity by seeing if it was really measuring what the researcher wanted to measure.ii. First real test of intelligence1. Seems to measure something at least relating to cognitive ability. Down Syndrome participants scored much lower.c. Henry Goddard (1866-1957)i. Translates Binet test to Englishii. starts getting funds to administer tests to immigrants on Ellis Island (1912-1913)1. He claims that many of these immigrants are feeble minded while in reality they simply did not speak English. iii. Eugenics movement1. Used these tests to determine whether or not people should be sterilized to preserve the gene pool.II. IQ Scoresa. Old: MA/CA x 100 = IQb. New: deviation from mean. Decided the mean would be 500.i. Standard deviationsIII. Emergence of SAT’sIV. Bayley Test for infants and young childrena. Testing by showing children pictures and asking them
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