PSYC 2700 Lecture 22Outline of Last LectureI. Culture and personality (Margaret Mead)II. Cases of hermaphroditismIII. John Money (1921-2006) and Cognitive Development ModelIV. Social-Learning view (Walter-Mischel)V. Prenatal hormone impactOutline of Current LectureI. Prenatal hormone impactII. Sex DifferencesCurrent LectureThe Development of Gender or Sexual IdentityI. Prenatal hormone impacta. Studies: i. Girls hits puberty and realized she is boy. Male genitals had not descended at birth Decided to get hormonal treatment and ends up being successful.ii. Another girl realizes she is a boy, decides to be a boy. Has severe psychological and social issues and cannot ultimately adjust.b. Adrenogenital Syndrome (Money, Ehrhardt)i. Early onset male pubertal growth. For example a nine year old boy with a full beard. ii. Females- masculinized female genitalia, treated with hormone therapy and surgery.II. Sex Differencesa. Differences in achievements tests scoresi. Concerns about comparisons.1. For a while boys scores were lower than girls until they hit 16, where their scoressuddenly shot up. Someone realized that low-performing boys were dropping out of school at 16 years old.2. Parents and teachers don’t treat students the same , but have biases in gender-appropriate behavior. b. Eleanor Maccoby’s “The Psychology of Sex Differences”- looks at differences between girls and boys in activities and abilities.c. Verbal abilitiesi. Girls considered more vocal, this is likely because mothers will speak to their girls more so they get more verbal input and complex input.ii. As time progresses the deviation between boys and girls will decrease.d. Spatial Abilitiesi. Embedded figures and mental rotation skills.ii. Males on average are better at spatial cognition.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.iii. If you learn to sign then you will become much better at spatial cognition and mental rotation skill.e. Aggression in childreni. Preschool boys are assumed to be more aggressive on average. Really it is a few outliers that are out-of-control boys that confound the mean.ii. Relational aggression from girls is more prevalent than in boys.f. Growth curvesi. As an autistic child learns to improve their language skills, her incredible drawing ability
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