PSYC 2700 Lecture 13Outline of Last LectureI. Terman Study of the “Gifted”II. Stanford-Binet IQ TestIII. Twin StudiesIV. IQ and Family SizeV. Culture-Fair TestVI. IQ PovertyOutline of Current LectureVII. IQ and Family SizeVIII. Culture-Fair TestIX. IQ PovertyX. The nature of LanguageCurrent LectureIntelligence TestingI. Twin Studiesa. MZT > MZA > DZT > DZA (mono/di zygotic together/apart)b. Burt’s “Findings”i. Claimed that monozygotic twins raised in the same house did better on the test than those raised apart. People concluded that intelligence was 80% genetically transmitted. c. Bouchard’s resultsi. Did a large scale study in the US looking at children who were separated at birth. He located many pairs and found genetic had an important contribution to intelligence but more like 60%. ii. Measure of physiology had a very strong genetic tie despite environmental differences. iii. Aspects of personality also appeared to be tied to genetics to some degree. II. IQ ad family sizea. Birth-order findings: slight downward trend in IQ scores from first to last born (0.2 correlation). After the first five the slope becomes significantly steeper.i. Older sibling spend time caring for and teaching younger sibling(s). b. Parent-child resemblancei. Adoption findings: Often children that are adopted have IQ scores that are higher than their adoptive mothers. There is a higher correlation in intelligence with their biological mothers. III. Culture-Fair Testsa. Raven’s Progressive Matricesi. Found that people are getting more intelligent. IV. IQ and povertyThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.a. Most studies are done on twins in middle class families. Children are typically adopted into upper/middle class families. i. “Gene sway over IQ may vary with class”Language DevelopmentI. The nature of Languagea. Sapir (1921): Language is-i. An arbitrary symbol system- the words do not usually resemble what they stand for.ii. Speech-based (auditory-vocal)- not all languages must be spoken.iii. Purely Human- non-human primates were unsuccessful at spoken language.iv. Non-instinctive- socially constructed. Actually here is a substantial amount of language coded for. b. Contrary Viewsi. Iconic component in signs (Armstrong)ii. Sign languages are visual/motor or visual/gesture (Stokoe)1. Spoken languages likely emerged after gestural languages. iii. Non-human primates (Gardners, Savage- Rumbaugh)iv. Instinctive (Pinker) II. Components of Languagea. De Saussure: A linguistic sign unites a concept and a sound image.b. Weinreich: Grammar consists of the rules of permitted combinations.c. Phonology: The sound units of spoken language; the formational parameters of signed languages. d. Spoken and sign language are both composed of many meaningless representatives of ideas. Baby “Signs”I. Bonvillian gives talk on signing infants on NR in late 1980’sII. Linda Acredolo is listeninga. She recognized what he is saying and ties it to what she remembers her own child
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