PSYC 2700 Lecture 5 Outline of Last LectureI. Harlow’s StudiesII. John BowlbyIII. Mary D. S. AinsworthOutline of Current LectureIV. Chess and ThomasV. Research QuestionVI. “Visual Cliff” studiesVII. Selective attention StudiesVIII. Elements of visual processing IX. Reaching and Understanding of Distance X. Visual Tracking XI. Visual Scanning strategies XII. Infant Speech perception Current LectureTemperament: Infancy and ChildhoodI. Chess and Thomas- they focus on the characteristics of the infant from birth onwards, babies are reliably different in term of their own personal characters. a. Trying to see if there are distinctive differences between infants, are these differences stable throughout the rest of development.b. In total there were six different classifications. Three main categories: Easy, Difficult, and Slow-to-Warm-Up.i. Easy: quickly establish routines, form healthy attachment to caregiver.ii. Difficult: 10% of sample, irregularities in sleep and feeding, easily distracted and upset, avoidance.iii. Slow-to-Warm-Up: 50% of sample, don’t initially respond positively in new situations, but over time will become comfortable and happy.c. Longitudinal Outcomesi. The maturation of the brain results in behaviors such as establishment of sense of self and a moral sense. (This time occurs around the “Terrible Two’s”)Perceptual Development in HumansII. Research Questionsa. Are there strategies present at birth?b. What are the elements for visual processing? Lines, Curves, etc.?c. At what point might the perception of the face hold a deeper meaning; recognition?III. “Visual Cliff” studiesThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.a. E. J. Gibson: on a picnic and her children go up to a chasm and look over the edge when the parents aren’t looking. Wanted to find out if children can innately perceive depth and know to fear heights. i. Visual Cliff- raised surface with glass over a drop off and glass over a shallow surface. Place animals or infants on the centerboard and see which side they would step onto, shallow or deep.ii. Motion parallax- when you move how fast does the object appear to move. Nearer will move farther and faster than objects that are farther away. IV. Selective attention Studies (Frantz)a. Presented two different visual arrays and saw how much the infants looked at one over the other. b. Under a month old could recognize the 1/8 inch line over the uniform grey when presented in a pattern. As the got older the infants could see smaller and smaller lines on the visual array.V. Elements of visual processing (Kessen)a. Lines, angles, etc.b. Early visual scanning- children would focus on the angles and sometimes the lines. When shownblack against white, the children would focus on the contrast line. VI. Reaching and Understanding of Distance (Bower)VII. Visual Tracking (Von Hofsten)VIII. Visual Scanning strategies (Vurpillot)IX. Infant Speech perception (Eimas)a. Categorical
View Full Document
Unlocking...