PSYC 2700 Lecture 16Outline of Last LectureI. First words and beforeII. Early word production studiesIII. Concept FormationIV. Holophrases (Greenfield’s views)V. Early word combinationOutline of Current LectureI. Children’s acquisition of rules (Berko)II. Markov chains; probability that one word may follow another (Shinnerian)III. Phrase structure approachIV. Chomskyan syntactic theory: Basic assumptionsV. Fillmore and Semantic RelationshipsVI. Pinker: Language InstinctCurrent LectureApproaches to SyntaxI. Children’s acquisition of rules (Berko)a. An English sentence contains a lot of meaning in the order of the word placementII. Markov chains; probability that one word may follow another (Shinnerian)a. Worked mainly with rats and pigeons and she published a before on verbal behavior. III. Phrase structure approacha. Children pick up grammatical rules by picking up and repeating phrases then applying the rules to new phrases.IV. Chomskyan syntactic theory: Basic assumptionsa. Grammar helps generate sentences i. Grammatical utterances vs. ungrammatical utterancesii. 90% of grammatical rules are learned by 5 years of age.iii. Children take simple phrases and break them down to internalize the rules as they learn them. b. Grammar established from a finite number of observations; parameter setting.c. A child’s grammar will be maximally efficient and simplified (Copernicus vs. Ptolemy)d. Transformed rulesV. Fillmore and Semantic RelationshipsVI. Pinker: Language Instincta. This is a human-only characteristicChildhood DeafnessI. Historical Perspectivea. Spain: 16th century – 1st school; finger spelling (Bonet)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.i. Most people believed it was the fault of the parent somehow or the child that brought deafness upon them. ii. First development of sign language.b. France: 18th century – L’Epee and sign instruction.c. Oralism root (Amman)d. Gallaudet and USe. A.G. Bell – US oral schoolsII. Change in Incident of Childhooda. Deafness: Prelingual and PostlingualIII. Cognitive Abilities of Deaf Studentsa. Performance scale IQb. Piaget-type
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