ECE 2030:Introduction to ComputerEngineeringLecture #1Introduction and Binary Codes8/21/06Lecture #1 2You will need• Logic and Computer Design Fundamentals byMano and Kime … don’t care about the edition• Download lecture notes, handouts, and homeworksfrom MY Websitewww.ece.gatech.edu/~jeff• Official 2030 Websitewww.ece.gatech.edu/academic/courses/ece20308/21/06Lecture #1 3Academic Integrity• Project must be done individually– You can only talk with others about the project• During class in front of the entire class• During office hours with me• During office hours with other students in my office– Similar mistakes will be graded HARSHLY!• Cheating on tests will not be tolerated!!!• All violations of Honor Code will be reported to Dean8/21/06Lecture #1 4Roadmap of Course100110011100011000101100Switches (aka Transistors)Digital Circuits – design and make efficientArithmetic operations – number systemsState Machines -- Digital Circuits with memoryMemoryDatapathControlAssembly LanguageHigh Level LanguagesGeneral Purpose Computing8/21/06Lecture #1 5What do we mean by “Digital”2:59Analog ClockDigital Clock~~???8/21/06Lecture #1 6It’s all 1’s and 0’s !!!Vdd0Voltage [Volts]“High” Voltage = 1“Low” Voltage = 0Why????8/21/06Lecture #1 7Vdd0Voltage [Volts]Vdd0Voltage [Volts]Lower Noise Margin!!!!‘0’‘1’‘0’‘1’‘2’‘3’Why not see the world in ‘0’s,’1’s,’2’s, and ‘3’s ???Reliability!!!Why 1’s and 0’s????8/21/06Lecture #1 8How do we “see” the world with 1’s and 0’s???Binary (i.e. 1’s and 0’s) CodesExample 1: Logic Results True and False (1 = True and 0 = False)Example 2: Operational Codes ( Opcodes)Opcodes are used to tell the CPU what to do!!!For example: 6 bit opcode000001 = add operation000010 = subtract operation8/21/06Lecture #1 9Example 3: Alphanumeric CharactersASCII: American Standard Code for Information Interchange‘a’ =110 00017-bit code (B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1)Mano, p. 218/21/06Lecture #1 10Example 3: Alphanumeric Characters•ASCII: American Standard Code for Information Interchange(1967)‘a’ =110 00018-bit code (0 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1)In this class we will consider it an 8-bit code!!Use a leading zero!‘a’ =0110 0001Later we will use this as a “parity bit”•Unicode: 16 bit code (www.prenhall.com/mano)(1988) -- include all languages!!!8/21/06Lecture #1 11Example 4: Universal Product Code (UPC)= Frozen CreamCorn1011010101010•aka “bar codes” • UPC 95 binary digits ( from now on will call them bits )8/21/06Lecture #1 12How many items can be represented with N bits?1-bit0 =1 =2 items2-bits00 =01 =2*2 items10 =11 =3-bits000 =001 =010 =011 =100 =001 =010 =111 =2*2*2 items2N itemsN-bits248NThe number ofitems doubles witheach additionalbit!!!8/21/06Lecture #1 13Example: How many bits do I need to represent102 items??212224238241625322664271287 bits!!Isn’t this overkill??Yes, BUT it is necessary!!!8/21/06Lecture #1 14What do you take away from thislecture???•Class organization, policies, and procedures•Preview of the topics to come!!•Binary Codes (a subset of digital codes)•ASCII is highlighted – know how to generate code•Why binary digits??•How do you choose a binary code? How many bits do youneed??8/21/06Lecture #1 15What about number systems?•Binary Coded Decimal (BCD)•Base 10? Why? positional notation and power series notation•What about another Base? What about base 5?•positional notation and power series notation•In general base r ( r > 0)• Base 2 is what we want to use!• Compare to BCD vs. base 28/21/06Lecture #1 16What about number systems?•Negative numbers ... many choices•Let’s choose sign and magnitude -- add an extra sign bit!•Fixed point real numbers -- What do they
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