ECE 2030 Introduction to Computer Engineering Lecture 1 Introduction and Binary Codes You will need Logic and Computer Design Fundamentals by Mano and Kime don t care about the edition Download lecture notes handouts and homeworks from MY Website www ece gatech edu jeff Official 2030 Website www ece gatech edu academic courses ece2030 8 21 06 Lecture 1 2 Academic Integrity Project must be done individually You can only talk with others about the project During class in front of the entire class During office hours with me During office hours with other students in my office Similar mistakes will be graded HARSHLY Cheating on tests will not be tolerated All violations of Honor Code will be reported to Dean 8 21 06 Lecture 1 3 Roadmap of Course High Level Languages Assembly Language General Purpose Computing Control Datapath Memory State Machines Digital Circuits with memory Arithmetic operations number systems Digital Circuits design and make efficient Switches aka Transistors 100110011100011000101100 8 21 06 Lecture 1 4 What do we mean by Digital Digital Clock Analog Clock 8 21 06 2 59 Lecture 1 5 It s all 1 s and 0 s Voltage Volts Why 8 21 06 Vdd High Voltage 1 Low Voltage 0 0 Lecture 1 6 Why 1 s and 0 s Vdd 0 1 0 Voltage Volts Voltage Volts Why not see the world in 0 s 1 s 2 s and 3 s Vdd 0 3 2 1 0 Lower Noise Margin Reliability 8 21 06 Lecture 1 7 How do we see the world with 1 s and 0 s Binary i e 1 s and 0 s Codes Example 1 Logic Results True and False 1 True and 0 False Example 2 Operational Codes Opcodes Opcodes are used to tell the CPU what to do For example 6 bit opcode 000001 add operation 000010 subtract operation 8 21 06 Lecture 1 8 Example 3 Alphanumeric Characters ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange a 110 0001 7 bit code B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 8 21 06 Mano p 21 Lecture 1 9 Example 3 Alphanumeric Characters ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange 1967 In this class we will consider it an 8 bit code 8 bit code 0 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 Use a leading zero a 110 0001 a 0110 0001 Later we will use this as a parity bit Unicode 16 bit code www prenhall com mano 1988 include all languages 8 21 06 Lecture 1 10 Example 4 Universal Product Code UPC aka bar codes UPC 95 binary digits from now on will call them bits 0101010 Frozen Cream Corn 10 1 8 21 06 10 1 Lecture 1 11 How many items can be represented with N bits 1 bit 2 bits 00 3 bits 000 001 0 01 010 1 10 011 001 010 111 8 21 06 The number of items doubles with each additional bit 100 11 2 items N bits 2 2 items 2 2 2 items Lecture 1 2 4 8 N 2N items 12 Example How many bits do I need to represent 102 items 21 22 2 4 23 8 24 16 25 26 32 64 27 128 8 21 06 Isn t this overkill Yes BUT it is necessary 7 bits Lecture 1 13 What do you take away from this lecture Class organization policies and procedures Preview of the topics to come Binary Codes a subset of digital codes ASCII is highlighted know how to generate code Why binary digits How do you choose a binary code How many bits do you need 8 21 06 Lecture 1 14 What about number systems Binary Coded Decimal BCD Base 10 Why positional notation and power series notation What about another Base What about base 5 positional notation and power series notation In general base r r 0 Base 2 is what we want to use Compare to BCD vs base 2 8 21 06 Lecture 1 15 What about number systems Negative numbers many choices Let s choose sign and magnitude add an extra sign bit Fixed point real numbers What do they mean 8 21 06 Lecture 1 16
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