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Berkeley COMPSCI 162 - Lecture 1 Overview

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CS162 Operating Systems and Systems Programming Lecture 1 OverviewWho am I?TAsTAs (cont’d)Goals of Today LectureGoal of This CourseExample: What’s in a Search Query?ChallengesTechnology Trends: Moore’s LawNew Challenge: Slowdown in Joy’s law of PerformanceManyCore Chips: The future is herePeople-to-Computer Ratio Over TimeStorage CapacityInternet Scale: .75 Billion HostsInternet Scale: Two Billion Users!Societal Scale Information SystemsClass Schedule & InfoLecture GoalSyllabusSyllabus (cont’d)TextbookGradingComputing FacilitiesGroup Project Simulates Industrial EnvironmentProject Signup5min BreakComplexityComputer System OrganizationSample of Computer ArchitectureIncreasing Software ComplexityExample: Some Mars Rover (“Pathfinder”) RequirementsHow do we tame complexity?Virtual Machine AbstractionVirtual MachinesVirtual Machines (con’t): Layers of OSsWhat does an Operating System do?What is an Operating System,… Really?Operating System Definition (Cont.)SummaryCS162Operating Systems andSystems ProgrammingLecture 1OverviewJanuary 19th, 2011Ion Stoicahttp://inst.eecs.berkeley.edu/~cs162Lec 1.21/19/10 Ion Stoica CS162 ©UCB Spring 2011Who am I?•Ion Stoica–E-mail: [email protected]–Web: http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~istoica/–Office hours (tentative): MW 3-4PM in 449 Soda•Research focus–Cloud computing (Mesos, Spark)–Network architectures (i3, Declarative Networks, …)–P2P (Chord, OpenDHT)–Tracing and debugging in distributed systems (ODR, Liblog, Friday)Lec 1.31/19/10 Ion Stoica CS162 ©UCB Spring 2011•Jorge Ortiz –E-mail: [email protected]–Sections: Th 1-2pm and 2-3pm–Office hours: W 11-12pm (place: TBA)•Stephen Dawson-Haggerty–E-mail: [email protected]–Sections: Th 10-11am and 11-12pm–Office hours: W 5:30-6:30pm (place: TBA)TAsLec 1.41/19/10 Ion Stoica CS162 ©UCB Spring 2011TAs (cont’d)•Yu (David) Zhu–E-mail: [email protected]–Sections: Th 3-4pm–Office hours: 1-2pmLec 1.51/19/10 Ion Stoica CS162 ©UCB Spring 2011Goals of Today Lecture•What are we going to learn and why?•What is an operating system?•How does this class operate?•Interactivity is important! Please ask questions!Note: Some slides and/or pictures in the following areadapted from slides ©2005 Silberschatz, Galvin, and Gagne. Slides courtesy of Kubiatowicz, AJ Shankar, George Necula, Alex Aiken, Eric Brewer, Ras Bodik, Ion Stoica, Doug Tygar, and David Wagner.Lec 1.61/19/10 Ion Stoica CS162 ©UCB Spring 2011Goal of This Course•Learn how “systems” work•Main challenges in building systems•Principles of system design, i.e., how to address to challenges•Learn how to apply these principles to system designLec 1.71/19/10 Ion Stoica CS162 ©UCB Spring 2011Example: What’s in a Search Query?•Complex interaction of multiple components in multiple administrative domainsDatacenterLoadbalancerAd ServerDNS ServersSearchIndexDNSrequestcreateresultpageLec 1.81/19/10 Ion Stoica CS162 ©UCB Spring 2011Challenges•Enormous scale, heterogeneity, and dynamic range: –CPU: sensors  GPUs»Cores: one  100s [2-orders of magnitude variation]»Clusters: few machines  10,000s machines [4 orders of mag.]–Network: Inter-core networks  Internet»Latency: nanosecs  secs (satellite) [9 orders of mag.]»Bandwidth: Kbps  Gbps [6 orders of mag.]»…–Storage: caches  disks »Size: MB  TB [6 orders of mag.]»Access time: few nanosecs  ms [6 orders of mag.]•Complexity–Complex interaction between system components–Unexpected failure scenarios, e.g., randomly flipping a memory bitLec 1.91/19/10 Ion Stoica CS162 ©UCB Spring 2011Technology Trends: Moore’s Law2X transistors/Chip Every 1.5 yearsCalled “Moore’s Law” Moore’s LawMicroprocessors have become smaller, denser, and more powerful.Gordon Moore (co-founder of Intel) predicted in 1965 that the transistor density of semiconductor chips would double roughly every 18 months.Lec 1.101/19/10 Ion Stoica CS162 ©UCB Spring 2011New Challenge: Slowdown in Joy’s law of Performance• VAX : 25%/year 1978 to 1986• RISC + x86: 52%/year 1986 to 2002• RISC + x86: ??%/year 2002 to presentFrom Hennessy and Patterson, Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach, 4th edition, Sept. 15, 2006 Sea change in chip design: multiple “cores” or processors per chip3XLec 1.111/19/10 Ion Stoica CS162 ©UCB Spring 2011ManyCore Chips: The future is here•“ManyCore” refers to many processors/chip–64? 128? Hard to say exact boundary•How to program these?–Use 2 CPUs for video/audio–Use 1 for word processor, 1 for browser–76 for virus checking???•Parallelism must be exploited at all levels•Intel 80-core multicore chip (Feb 2007)–80 simple cores–Two FP-engines / core–Mesh-like network–100 million transistors–65nm feature size•Intel Single-Chip Cloud Computer (August 2010)–24 “tiles” with two cores/tile –24-router mesh network –4 DDR3 memory controllers–Hardware support for message-passingLec 1.121/19/10 Ion Stoica CS162 ©UCB Spring 2011People-to-Computer Ratio Over Time•Today: Multiple CPUs/person!–Approaching 100s?From David CullerLec 1.131/19/10 Ion Stoica CS162 ©UCB Spring 2011Storage Capacity•Hard disk capacity (in GB) (source: http://www.mycomputerforum.com/viewtopic.php?f=27&t=250)Lec 1.141/19/10 Ion Stoica CS162 ©UCB Spring 2011Internet Scale: .75 Billion Hosts768,913,036768,913,036Lec 1.151/19/10 Ion Stoica CS162 ©UCB Spring 2011Internet Scale: Two Billion Users!Lec 1.161/19/10 Ion Stoica CS162 ©UCB Spring 2011Societal Scale Information SystemsScalable, Reliable,Secure ServicesMEMS for Sensor NetsInternetConnectivityClustersMassive ClusterGigabit EthernetDatabasesInformation CollectionRemote StorageOnline GamesCommerce…•The world is a large parallel system–Microprocessors in everything–Vast infrastructure behind themLec 1.171/19/10 Ion Stoica CS162 ©UCB Spring 2011Class Schedule & Info•Class Time: MW 4-5:30pm, 2060 VLSB–Please come to class; best part of class is interaction!–Also: 5% of grade is from class participation (section and class)•Sections– Important information is in the sections–The sections assigned to you by Telebears are temporary!–Every member of a project group must be in same section•Website: http://www-inst.eecs.berkeley.edu/~cs162/ •Newsgroup: look into Piazzza as an alternative


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Berkeley COMPSCI 162 - Lecture 1 Overview

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