CS162 Operating Systems and Systems Programming Lecture 1 Overview January 19th 2011 Ion Stoica http inst eecs berkeley edu cs162 Who am I Ion Stoica E mail istoica cs berkeley edu Web http www cs berkeley edu istoica Office hours tentative MW 3 4PM in 449 Soda Research focus Cloud computing Mesos Spark Network architectures i3 Declarative Networks P2P Chord OpenDHT Tracing and debugging in distributed systems ODR Liblog Friday 1 19 10 Ion Stoica CS162 UCB Spring 2011 Lec 1 2 TAs Jorge Ortiz E mail cs162 ta cory eecs berkeley edu Sections Th 1 2pm and 2 3pm Office hours W 11 12pm place TBA Stephen Dawson Haggerty E mail cs162 tb cory eecs berkeley edu Sections Th 10 11am and 11 12pm Office hours W 5 30 6 30pm place TBA 1 19 10 Ion Stoica CS162 UCB Spring 2011 Lec 1 3 TAs cont d Yu David Zhu E mail cs162 tc cory eecs berkeley edu Sections Th 3 4pm Office hours 1 2pm 1 19 10 Ion Stoica CS162 UCB Spring 2011 Lec 1 4 Goals of Today Lecture What are we going to learn and why What is an operating system How does this class operate Interactivity is important Please ask questions Note Some slides and or pictures in the following are adapted from slides 2005 Silberschatz Galvin and Gagne Slides courtesy of Kubiatowicz AJ Shankar George Necula Alex Aiken Eric Brewer Ras Bodik Ion Stoica Doug Tygar and David Wagner 1 19 10 Ion Stoica CS162 UCB Spring 2011 Lec 1 5 Goal of This Course Learn how systems work Main challenges in building systems Principles of system design i e how to address to challenges Learn how to apply these principles to system design 1 19 10 Ion Stoica CS162 UCB Spring 2011 Lec 1 6 Example What s in a Search Query DNS Servers DNS request Datacenter create result page Search Index Load balancer Ad Server Complex interaction of multiple components in multiple administrative domains 1 19 10 Ion Stoica CS162 UCB Spring 2011 Lec 1 7 Challenges Enormous scale heterogeneity and dynamic range CPU sensors GPUs 2 orders of magnitude variation Cores one 100s Clusters few machines 10 000s machines 4 orders of mag Network Inter core networks Internet Latency nanosecs secs satellite 9 orders of mag 6 orders of mag Bandwidth Kbps Gbps Storage caches disks Size MB TB Access time few nanosecs ms 6 orders of mag 6 orders of mag Complexity Complex interaction between system components Unexpected failure scenarios e g randomly flipping a memory bit 1 19 10 Ion Stoica CS162 UCB Spring 2011 Lec 1 8 Technology Trends Moore s Law Moore s Law 2X transistors Chip Every 1 5 years Gordon Moore co founder of Intel predicted in 1965 that the transistor density of semiconductor chips would double roughly every 18 months 1 19 10 Called Moore s Law Microprocessors have become smaller denser and more powerful Ion Stoica CS162 UCB Spring 2011 Lec 1 9 New Challenge Slowdown in Joy s law of Performance From Hennessy and Patterson Computer Architecture A Quantitative Approach 4th edition Sept 15 2006 Sea change in chip design multiple cores or processors per chip VAX 25 year 1978 to 1986 RISC x86 52 year 1986 to 2002 RISC x86 year 2002 to present 1 19 10 Ion Stoica CS162 UCB Spring 2011 Lec 1 10 3X ManyCore Chips The future is here Intel 80 core multicore chip Feb 2007 80 simple cores Two FP engines core Mesh like network 100 million transistors 65nm feature size 24 tiles with two cores tile 24 router mesh network 4 DDR3 memory controllers Hardware support for message passing Intel Single Chip Cloud Computer August 2010 ManyCore refers to many processors chip 64 128 Hard to say exact boundary How to program these Use 2 CPUs for video audio Use 1 for word processor 1 for browser 76 for virus checking Parallelism must be exploited at all levels 1 19 10 Ion Stoica CS162 UCB Spring 2011 Lec 1 11 People to Computer Ratio Over Time From David Culler Today Multiple CPUs person Approaching 100s 1 19 10 Ion Stoica CS162 UCB Spring 2011 Lec 1 12 Storage Capacity Hard disk capacity in GB source 1 19 10 http www mycomputerforum com viewtopic php f 27 t 250 Ion Stoica CS162 UCB Spring 2011 Lec 1 13 Internet Scale 75 Billion Hosts 768 913 036 768 913 036 1 19 10 Ion Stoica CS162 UCB Spring 2011 Lec 1 14 Internet Scale Two Billion Users 1 19 10 Ion Stoica CS162 UCB Spring 2011 Lec 1 15 Societal Scale Information Systems The world is a large parallel system Microprocessors in everything Vast infrastructure behind them Internet Connectivity Massive Cluster Gigabit Ethernet Clusters Scalable Reliable Secure Services Databases Information Collection Remote Storage Online Games Commerce MEMS for Sensor Nets 1 19 10 Ion Stoica CS162 UCB Spring 2011 Lec 1 16 Class Schedule Info Class Time MW 4 5 30pm 2060 VLSB Please come to class best part of class is interaction Also 5 of grade is from class participation section and class Sections Important information is in the sections The sections assigned to you by Telebears are temporary Every member of a project group must be in same section Website http www inst eecs berkeley edu cs162 Newsgroup look into Piazzza as an alternative will decide by next lecture 1 19 10 Ion Stoica CS162 UCB Spring 2011 Lec 1 17 Lecture Goal Interactive 1 19 10 Ion Stoica CS162 UCB Spring 2011 Lec 1 18 Syllabus Different emphasize from previous cs162 this semester we will emphasize on end to end system design rather than OS only More networking database and security concepts New projects to reflect this emphasize Long term plan make cs162 a gateway course for Database class cs186 Networking class ee122 New operating class cs16x 1 19 10 Ion Stoica CS162 UCB Spring 2011 Lec 1 19 Syllabus cont d 10 lectures on OS 5 lectures on Networking 3 lectures on Databases 2 lectures on Security 3 lectures on Putting everything together clientserver cloud computing p2p 1 19 10 Ion Stoica CS162 UCB Spring 2011 Lec 1 20 Textbook Textbook Operating Systems Concepts 8th Edition Silbershatz Galvin Gagne Online supplements See Information link on course website Includes Appendices sample problems etc Networking DBases Limited to lecture notes 1 19 10 Ion Stoica CS162 UCB Spring 2011 Lec 1 21 Grading Rough Grade Breakdown Midterm 20 Final 25 Four Projects 50 i e 12 5 each Participation 5 Four Projects build a fully functional chat application hosted in the cloud Phase I Phase II Phase III Phase IV Chat server Client server communication Database for storing user profiles chats Distributed chat server Late Policy No slip days 10 off per day after deadline 1 19 10 Ion Stoica CS162 UCB Spring 2011 Lec 1 22 Computing Facilities
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