Hydrologic Cycle Water Cycle Groundwater Earth Science Chapter 5 Pages 116 117 133 140 Review Questions 1 17 22 http www mnforsustain org water climate global water cycle study htm Water Cycle Water Cycle 86 of evaporation from sea surface 14 of atmospheric moisture from EVAPOTRANSPIRATION 78 of precipitation on sea surface 22 of water precipitated falls on land Water Cycle Water Distribution Less that 3 of Earth s water is on land Over of that is in glacial ice Most of the rest is stored as groundwater some groundwater is saline 1 Groundwater Precipitation infiltrates Earth s surface Largest reservoir of liquid fresh water Drinking water source for half of U S Groundwater Contributes to stream flow Universal solvent Dissolves some rock types Limestone CaCO3 Salts NaCl KCl Gypsum CaSO4 Groundwater Source First becomes soil moisture Plants use it Some evaporates directly Some sinks down Groundwater Terms Zone of saturation Water table Zone of aeration Infiltration Groundwater is stored Groundwater terms diagram Groundwater Storage Porosity of rock Spaces between sand grains Cracks in crystalline rock Dissolved cavities Permeability Allows water to move Interconnection of pore spaces 2 Groundwater Storage Stored in AQUIFER Porous and permeable rock Trapped by AQUITARD Impermeable rock Clay shale Groundwater Movement Very slowly Small openings High surface tension Pressure forces water to areas of lower pressure Hydraulic gradient Hydraulic head Groundwater movement diagram Hydraulic head Springs Photo of cliff springs Where water table intersects ground surface 3 Springs Springs diagram Where water table intersects ground surface Hydraulic pressure brings to surface Aquitard conducts groundwater Hot Springs Water heated by hot rock cooling magma Temperature increases solvent capabilities May contain acids from magmatic water Old Faithful photo Geysers Special type of hot spring Pressure of water column suppresses boiling Heat added eventually overcomes pressure Sudden rise of water increase pressure release on rising Geyser eruption stages 4
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