Atmospheric Heating, Moisture, StabilityWeather instrument shelterNorth America isothermsTemperature comparison Vancouver, WinnepegTemperature comparison Quito, GuayaquilTemperature comparison Eureka, NYCTemperature comparison Seattle, SpokaneCloudy dayCloudy nightJanuary temperatureJuly temperatureJan and July tempsDownpourLatent heat of waterFrost on windowRelative humidity—constant temperatureRelative humidity—lowering temperatureHumidity-temperature daily trendDew on spiderwebSling psychrometerChanges in temperature with change in elevationEarth’s atmosphere is heated from belowGases cool as they expandAdiabatic lapse rateAdiabatic lapse rateCooling by lifting—adiabaticsOrographic liftingRain shadowWarm front liftingConvergent liftingTropical ConvergenceConvective liftingHot air balloonsStable conditionsAbsolute instabilityConditional stabilityInversion Layer—Los AngelesSurface inversionInversion aloftCloud classification—rightCloud classification—leftcirrusCirrocumulusCirrostratusAltocumulusAltostratusNimbostratusCumulusCumulonimbusFog—Golden Gate BridgeFog—Tule FogCondensation in cloudsBergeron notesBergeron Process of ice-crystal growthCollision coalescenceGlaze iceGiant hailstoneHail damageRime icePogonipPrecipitation measurementWeather radar displayAtmospheric Heating, Moisture, StabilityEarth ScienceChapter 16: p. 454-460Chapter 17: p. 466-473Weather instrument shelterNorth America isothermsTemperature comparisonVancouver, WinnepegTemperature comparisonQuito, GuayaquilTemperature comparisonEureka, NYCTemperature comparisonSeattle, SpokaneCloudy dayCloudy nightJanuary temperatureJuly temperatureJan and July tempsDownpourLatent heat of waterFrost on windowRelative humidity—constant temperatureRelative humidity—lowering temperatureHumidity-temperature daily trendDew on spiderwebSling psychrometerChanges in temperature with change in elevation• Two different mechanisms– Earth’s atmosphere is heated from below– Gases cool as they expandEarth’s atmosphere is heated from below• It is warmer closer to the sea level• It is cooler at higher altitudes• Environmental lapse rate– About 6.5oC / 1000 m– About 3.5oF / 1000 ftGases cool as they expand• Still have same heat energy• Take up larger volume• Increase in volume at lower pressure• Atmospheric pressure declines with altitude• Temperature change due to change in volume called “Adiabatic lapse rate”Adiabatic lapse rate• Temperature declines with lower pressure, at higher altitude• Temperature increases with higher pressure, at lower altitude• Rate of temperature change depends on saturation• Saturated air has condensation of water, which releases heat: warms environment¾10oC / 1000 m if not saturated¾5oC / 1000 m if condensation is occurringAdiabatic lapse rateCooling by lifting—adiabaticsOrographic liftingRain shadowWarm front liftingConvergent liftingTropical ConvergenceConvective liftingHot air balloonsStable conditionsAbsolute instabilityConditional stabilityInversion Layer—Los AngelesSurface inversionInversion aloftCloud classification—rightCloud classification—leftcirrusCirrocumulusCirrostratusAltocumulusAltostratusNimbostratusCumulusCumulonimbusFog—Golden Gate BridgeFog—Tule FogCondensation in cloudsBergeron notesBergeron Process of ice-crystal growthCollision coalescenceGlaze iceGiant hailstoneHail damageRime icePogoniphttp://grannysatticquilts.com/pogonip.htmlPrecipitation measurementWeather radar
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