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WOU ES 106 - Climate

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1Academic Excellence ShowcaseThursday, May 27• Two points credit for each talk you attend in Earth science– 8:30 to 10:30 AM, in NS 101General Science video productions: “Energy”– 9:00 to 11:00 AM, in NS 218Geology of sedimentary formations in Oregon Coast Range• One point credit for every four Earth Science posters you investigate in the Pacific Room of Werner Centerinvestigate in the Pacific Room of Werner Center– 11:30 AM to 1:00 PM– Attend the “Medical Geology: effect of environment on health” posters. (Those on poli-sci, math or physical education will NOT count for credit…)Must submit worksheets/ summaries and attendance tickets of each talk or poster for credit• Link to worksheets, instructions, presentations:http://www.wou.edu/~brownk/ES106/AcademicExcellenceShowcase.pdfClimateEarth ScienceChapter 20Pages 560-573Elements of weather and climate• Temperature– Range of temperature– Seasonal temperature pattern• Rainfall–Overall rainfallOverall rainfall – Seasonal distribution of rainfall– Compared to evaporation potential• Pressure– Predominant pressure– Seasonal fluctuation of pressureWeather vs. Climate• Climate is the weather you expect• Weather is what you get, whether you expect it or not• (Note: if you spell it ‘whether’ it has a different meaning)Atmospheric Circulation Ocean circulationJan and July temps Values used for Koppen System• Overall temperature• Evaporation compared to precipitation• Absolute rainfall• Rainfall distribution• Extreme temperatureWorld climate map2Koppen Climate System• A tropical: wet, monsoon, dry w/s• B dry: desert/steppe, low/mid latitude• C humid mid-latitude, mild winter: td ‘tt’wet summer, dry summer ‘west coast’• D humid mid-latitude severe winter• E polar: tundra, ice cap• H highland: modified version of local lowland area—cooler, moisterAf Tropical rainforest A Tropical climates• NEVER COLD• Rain forest—always wet• Monsoon—extreme seasonal rainfall• Savannah—very dry monthsA Climatic diagrams Monsoon Climatehttp://www.freewebs.com/scienceandsociety/summermonsoonpdem2.gifTropical Monsoon• Due to arrival of ITCZ in a local area at a certain season• ITCZ migrates out of area, leaving a distinct dry seasondistinct dry season• Southern Asia, Sothwestern Pacific islands, Western Equatorial Africa, Northeastern South America, Aw Tropical Savannah Tropical Savanna• Never cold• Pronounced dry season: lasts longer than wet seasonWt i ’t t•Wet season isn’t as wet as monsoon climateSubtropical deserthttp://www.gerber-travel.ch/Tours/libya_1999_5.htm3B Dry climates• EVAPORATION POTENTIAL EXCEEDS PRECIPITATION• Low latitude deserts always warmSbt i lhih–Subtropical high pressure– 20°-30° N and S of equator• Mid latitude deserts can be quite cold– Further poleward than low latitude deserts– Rain shadow effectCold deserthttp://www.asphalto.org/?user_id=907&PHPSESSID=a55...B Cilmate DiagramsSteppe Climate• Transition from desert climate to another climate next to the desert• Not as dry as desertDth ti dt•Desert has more evaporation compared to rainfall than steppe• Dessert: mmm….cake (Do you see they are spelled differently?)Sub-tropical Steppehttp://os.inf.tu-dresden.de/~nf2/nz_farewell/Mid latitude steppehttp://61966.rapidforum.com/topic=101082217975Worldwide arid zones World climate map C Mild mid-latitude climate•Humid• MILD WINTER• Divisions:–Hot summer: dry or wet– Warm summer: dry or wet– Marine west coastal climate • unique subdivision of dry summer that extends far poleward of other mild climates• Moderated by the ocean and the westerlies4Mild Humid wet all yearhttp://www.us-parks.com/images/everglades-national-park/plantlife-of-everglades-p-3629-m.jpgMild, Dry summer climatehttp://usparks.about.com/od/nationalparksus/ig/santamonicaphotos/Scenery11.htmC Climate DiagramsMarine west coasthttp://www.uwsp.edu/geo/faculty/ritter/geog101/textbook/climate_systems/marine_west_coast.htmlCoastal Alaska• Northern mild climate due to incoming moist air from ocean by westerlieshttp://thewondersofnature.com/bears/co_scenery_01.htmlWorld climate mapD Severe mid latitude• SEVERE WINTERS• Humid continental – Cold winterWt–Wet summer– Hardwood forests• Subarctic– Not warm in summer– Needle-leaf evergreens– ‘Taiga’ D Climate Diagrams Humid continental severe winterhttp://www.public.iastate.edu/~glh/NATREGION/FRONTIMAGES/front6.jpg5Midlatitude humid continentalhttp://www.uwsp.edu/geo/faculty/ritter/geog101/textbook/biogeography/biomes_midlatitude_forests_page_1.htmlMidlatitude humid continentalhttp://www.uwsp.edu/geo/faculty/ritter/geog101/textbook/biogeography/biomes_midlatitude_forests_page_1.htmlTaigaWorld climate map E Polar climate• TOO COLD FOR TREES• Tundra some month is above freezing• Ice cap no months are above freezingTundraE Climate Diagrams Ice cap climatehttp://www.uwsp.edu/geo/faculty/ritter/geog101/textbook/climate_systems/icecap.htmlWorld climate map6Highland• Modified version of local climate• Cooler, moisterLowland adjacent to H Highland differenceH compared to adjacent climateComponents of climateAcademic Excellence ShowcaseThursday, May 27• Two points credit for each talk you attend in Earth science– 8:30 to 10:30 AM, in NS 101General Science video productions: “Energy”– 9:00 to 11:00 AM, in NS 218Geology of sedimentary formations in Oregon Coast Range• One point credit for every four Earth Science posters you investigate in the Pacific Room of Werner Centerinvestigate in the Pacific Room of Werner Center– 11:30 AM to 1:00 PM– Investigate “Medical Geology: effect of environment on health” posters. (Those on poli-sci, math or physical education will NOT count for credit…)Must submit worksheets/ summaries and attendance tickets of each talk or poster for credit• Link to worksheets, instructions,


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