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WOU ES 106 - Water Properties

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WATER PROPERTIESBe sure to attend lab this week"Climate Change" by Vicki Hesse, The Climate Project Covalent BondsCovalent BondsPolar moleculesElectro-negativityCovalent bonded moleculesPoly-atomic ionsCommon poly-atomic ionsChemical FormulasChemical FormulasNaming CompoundsGeometry of MoleculesMoleculesTypical Shapes of MoleculesDipole attraction in solid and liquidDissolution of ionic substanceIn-Class ActivityElements in Earth’s CrustMineralHalite BondingHaliteMineralsFeldsparQuartzHornblendeGraniteSolute/SolventWater phases and moleculesWater MoleculeProperties of WaterDistribution/Cycle AnimationHydrologic CycleNatural substances in waterImpurities in RunoffOrganic byproducts in waterContamination of WaterDrinking water standardsBe sure to attend lab this weekHeat and Energy TransferWater DropImpurities in RunoffOrganic byproducts in waterPollution SourcesContamination of WaterRaw Sewage dischargePlant nutrient pollutionAgricultural RunoffOil pollutionMine leachateWater PollutionWater Pollution PreventionDrinking water standardsTemperatureTemperatureTemperatureHeatSpecific Heat CapacityHeat ExpansionWater ExpansionWater MoleculeWater ExpansionWater ExpansionHeat of WaterElectron Structure DiagramsDot DiagramsPhases of MatterEvaporationWater vaporEvaporation or NotCondensationCondensation on GlassAtmosphereAtmosphereWater Vapor CapacityCondensationCondensation diagramSea FogBoilingBoilingMicroscopic boilingPressure CookerPressure cannerBoiling Temp vs.Pressure Boiling at less than 100 o CEnergy of Water Phase ChangeSolid IceIn-Class ActivityIn-Class ActivityIn-Class ActivityIn-Class ActivityIn-Class ActivityWATER PROPERTIESSupplemental Textbook MaterialCh. 16, p. 349-361Be sure to attend lab this week• Bring the lab manual• Must pass lab to pass this class• Instructors will give percent lab grade to one another"Climate Change" by Vicki Hesse, The Climate ProjectExtra credit opportunity for ES 106Date:Wednesday, April 11Time:12:00 noon - 1:00 p.m.Location:Natural Sciences, room 103Cost: freeAudience:PublicDescription:Natural Science Seminar Series. Vicki Hesse, MDIV - Volunteer Presenter, The Climate Project. All seminars begin at Noon in NS 103(Free and open to the public)SponsoringGroup:Science DepartmentContact info:503-838-8206Covalent Bonds• Overlapping outer shells• Silicate minerals have silicon and oxygen joined with covalent bondsCovalent Bonds• Need ‘octet’ of electrons surrounding element in the ‘dot diagram’• Some bonds are multiple, stronger!Polar moleculesElectro-negativityCovalent bonded molecules• Like nonmetals form nonpolar covalent bonds••Unlike nonmetals form polar covalent Unlike nonmetals form polar covalent moleculesmolecules• Polar molecules have charge concentrated at one end• Metals form metallic bonds, not covalent bondsPoly-atomic ions• Covalently bonded compounds• Not electrically neutral• Maintain covalent bonds within ions as they interact with other ions to form ionic compounds• Those bonded to oxygen become ‘–ate’Common poly-atomic ions• Hydroxide OH-• Bicarbonate HCO3-• Carbonate CO32-• Sulfate SO42-•Nitrate NO3-• Phosphate PO43-• Chromate CrO42-Chemical FormulasMolecule has specific ratio of elements• Subscripts—how many• Parentheses—how many sets• Coefficients—how many molecules in reactionChemical Formulas•H2SO4•Ca3(PO4)2•Na2O + CaCl2→ CaO + 2 NaCl•MgBr2 + 2Ag(NO3) → Mg(NO3)2 + 2AgBrNaming Compounds• Find subscripts to indicate how many of each atom in the molecule• Use chart at right for number of eachGeometry of MoleculesMolecules• Carbon dioxide: one carbon, two oxygen, straight• Water: one oxygen, two hydrogen, bent• Ammonia: one nitrogen, three hydrogen, pyramid shape• Methane: one carbon, four hydrogen, tetrahedron shapeTypical Shapes of MoleculesDipole attraction in solid and liquidDissolution of ionic substanceIn-Class Activity1. Draw the Bohr diagram (electron shell structure) for silicon2. Draw the dot diagram for argon3. Draw the Lewis diagram (dot diagram) for lithium4. Draw the Lewis diagram (dot diagram) for silicon5. If an atom gains an electron, it is called : ANIONIts charge is (circle) POSITIVENEGATIVE NEGATIVE (circle) oneone two three6. If an atom loses two electrons, it is called: CATIONCATIONIts charge is (circle)POSITIVEPOSITIVE NEGATIVE (circle) onetwo two threeElements in Earth’s Crust• Oxygen• Silicon• Aluminum•Iron• Calcium• Sodium• Potassium• MagnesiumMineral• Naturally occurring• Inorganic • Solid• Orderly crystalline structure• Definite chemical compositionHalite BondingHaliteMinerals• Silicates most common• Silicon—Oxygen tetrahedron• One oxygen, four siliconFeldsparQuartzHornblendeGraniteSolute/SolventWater phases and moleculesWater Molecule• Bent • Covalent bonds• Polar• Dissolves ionic substancesProperties of Water• Solid water floats on liquid water• High specific heat• High heat of vaporization• ‘Universal’ solventDistribution/Cycle AnimationHydrologic CycleWater Drophttp://www.wested.org/pblnet/exp_projects/H2O.htmlNatural substances in waterImpurities in Runoff• Atmosphere• Dissolved substances• Silt, etc.• RadonOrganic byproducts in waterContamination of Water• Micro-organisms• Decay products• Plant nutrients• Petroleum compounds• Acid• Industry• MiningDrinking water standardsPollution SourcesRaw Sewage dischargehttp://www.nwri.ca/sande/nov_dec_2002-e.htmlPlant nutrient pollutionhttp://www.na.fs.fed.us/SPFO/pubs/n_resource/riparianforests/Tab%20I.htmAgricultural Runoffhttp://www.na.fs.fed.us/SPFO/pubs/n_resource/riparianforests/Tab%20I.htmOil pollutionhttp://www.intertanko.com/tankerfacts/sizes/pollution.htmMine leachatehttp://www.ew.govt.nz/enviroinfo/hscs/contam/Water Pollutionhttp://www.jvkco.com/digidare/water.htmlWater Pollution Preventionhttp://www.jvkco.com/digidare/water.htmlDrinking water standardsHeat and Energy TransferSupplementary Textbook MaterialChapter 18: p. 410-420Review Questions: 2-4, 21-26Temperature• Quantity of hotness• Celsius¾0ofreezing point of pure water at standard pressure¾100oboiling point at standard pressure• Fahrenheit¾0owas lowest attained¾32 was his age when he performed experiments¾212 is boiling point in those incrementsTemperature• Convert with equations¾ Order of operations Parentheses first Then multiply or divide Add or subtract last• Or use adjacent scales


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WOU ES 106 - Water Properties

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