Heat of WaterElectron Structure DiagramsDot DiagramsPhases of MatterEvaporationWater vaporEvaporation or NotCondensationCondensation on GlassAtmosphereAtmosphereWater Vapor CapacityCondensationCondensation diagramSea FogBoilingBoilingMicroscopic boilingPressure CookerPressure cannerBoiling Temp vs.Pressure Boiling at less than 100 o CEnergy of Water Phase ChangeSolid Ice1Heat of WaterSupplementary Textbook MaterialsChapter 19Pages 424-435Electron Structure Diagrams• Two ways to correctly do these– With elemental symbol in center– With number of protons in center• Not with circles around symbol and electrons distributed around circleDot Diagrams• Only show VALENCE Electrons• Don’t show shellsPhases of Matter• Solid• Liquid• Gaseous or vapor• PlasmaGas, Liquid, and SolidZumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 441Gas Liquid Solidhttp://www.unit5.org/christjs/Matter%20and%20Energy/Unit%202%20PP_files/frame.htmEvaporation• Kinetic energy of molecules• Taken from liquid—cools it• Gaseous phase or vapor phase2Gas SteamH2O(g) Steamhttp://www.unit5.org/christjs/Matter%20and%20Energy/Unit%202%20PP_files/frame.htmWater vaporhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vaporEvaporation or Nothttp://www.geology.sdsu.edu/classes/geol351/01watercycle/watercyclefigs.htmCondensation• Opposite of evaporation• Kinetic energy of molecules• Heats environmentLiquid WaterH2O(l) Waterhttp://www.unit5.org/christjs/Matter%20and%20Energy/Unit%202%20PP_files/frame.htmCondensation on Glasshttp://www.geology.sdsu.edu/classes/geol351/01watercycle/watercyclefigs.htm3Atmosphere• Evaporation – Energy goes into air– Cools remaining water• Condensation– Energy goes from air to surface– Warms local environmentAtmosphere• Warm air has greater capacity for holding water in the vapor phase• Saturation = at capacity• Relative Humidity—percent of water contained compared to saturated amount at that temperatureWater Vapor Capacityhttp://www.wdtv.com/weather/images/Weather_Review/humidity.htmCondensationhttp://observe.arc.nasa.gov/nasa/earth/hydrocycle/graphics/condensation.jpgCondensation diagramhttp://weatherstreet.com/weatherquestions/What_is_condensation.htmSea Foghttp://www.anythingmarine.co.uk/anything/met.htm4Boilinghttp://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/liquids/boil2.htmlBoilinghttp://www.deepseaimages.com/dsilibrary/showphoto.php?photo=2912&password=&sort=1&size=medium&cat=853&page=1Microscopic boilinghttp://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/liquids/boil2.htmlPressure Cookerhttp://www.goodmans.net/get_item_ma-6qt_maitres-806212-6-qt-cooker.htmPressure cannerhttp://hgic.clemson.edu/factsheets/HGIC3020.htmBoiling Temp vs.Pressurehttp://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/liquids/boil2.html5Boiling at less than 100 oC• Reduce Pressurehttp://www.micrecol.de/air2.htmlEnergy of Water Phase Change• Calorie: energy to change 1 gram of water 1 K or 1 oC• Also need energy to change to different state of matter• Energy of vaporization/condensation¾540 calories per gram of water• Energy of melting/freezing¾80 calories per gram solidliquidgasvaporizationcondensationmeltingfreezingHeat addedTemperature (oC)ABCDEHeating Curve for Water0100LeMay Jr, Beall, Robblee, Brower, Chemistry Connections to Our Changing World , 1996, page 487http://www.unit5.org/christjs/Matter%20and%20Energy/Unit%202%20PP_files/frame.htmSolid IceH2O(s) Icehttp://www.unit5.org/christjs/Matter%20and%20Energy/Unit%202%20PP_files/frame.htmMolecular Structure of IceHydrogen bondingZumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 455http://www.unit5.org/christjs/Matter%20and%20Energy/Unit%202%20PP files/frame.htmSolid, Liquid, Gas(a) Particles in solid (b) Particles in liquid (c) Particles in
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