Exam 2 study guide (lectures 12-21)Lecture 12 (October 1)Colonial SocietyEclectic societyEnglishmenFrenchDutchNative AmericansAfrican AmericansYoung (60% <21)Wealth unevenly distributedSouthValue of slavesMost wealth because they had slavesMiddle ColoniesAgriculture exportsEurope and CaribbeanNew EnglandMade money from Ship buildingAfter 7 years war-NE does not have as much agr stuff to export-make less shipsEffects of French and Indian WarShip-building is reducedDebt England and (colonies)Inflation**Decrease in purchasing power of a currencyi.e. bread you buy a loaf of bread from baker for a dollar a year later a dollar can only buy half a breadvalue of currency has gone downEnglish parliamentDominant in EnglandCalling the shotsAuthority to Tax citizens and citizens in the coloniesVersus: colonial assembliesColonial assemblies want locals to be in chargeColonies not represented in ParliamentJohn LockeRightsNaturalInalienable-cant take awayLifeLibertyPropertyConsent of the peopleGovernment comes from the consent of the peopleWe the People-preamble to the constitutionEngland in the coloniesTroopsSafety of colonistsNative AmericansCanadaFloridaProblem for IndiansOne trading partnerPontiac’s war 1763Shaky peaceMiddle ground-negotiationPaxton boysLancaster, PennsylvaniaChristian women and childrenKilled Indians to get landManaging EmpireBoard of TradeGuys in England who make all rules of commerce between colonies and mother countryNavigation actsColonial manufactures restrictedGrowing TensionSugar Act (1764)Reduction on molasses dutiesGoods shipped only to EnglandStrengthened vice-admiralty courts prosecuting violations of trade actsColonists wanted a juryGrowing TensionStamp act (1765)NewspapersLegal documentsAcademic diplomasPut a stamp on everything –generate revenuesReactions to Stamp ActVirginiaLow tobacco pricesHouse of burgessesAssembly in VirginiaTaxation by consent of peopleResolutionsPatrick HenryHouse of burgessesReactions to Stamp ActMassachusettsAndrew OliverCollect the stamp actLt. Gov. Thomas HutchinsonBorn in the coloniesOffice was ransacked by angry colonistsStamp Act CongressNew York (1765)9 coloniesRecall :Albany Congress 1754Wanted unity to protect each otherTaxation without representationColonial ReactionBoycottBritish goodsMerchants threatenedThe Women ReactHomespun fabricAvoided merchantsAvoided items taxed by parliamentSons of LibertyArtisans and shopkeepersViolent protestsBritish ReactionRepealed Stamp Act (1766)Other Crown ActionsTownshend duties-paper, lead, painters colors, teaStricter enforcement customs collectionsBoston Massacre (1770)British soldiers come along colonists start throwing rocks and British general instructs to fire on colonistsAftermathFot Thomas HutchinsonTroops out of BostonSoldiers arrestedAcquittalJohn AdamsDefended British soldiersGot them off the hookAlso…Crispus AttucksRunaway slavesSailorFirst black the dies in the defense of the new countryTownshend dutiesHurting British merchantsEncouraged colonial productionLecture 13 (October 3)Tea Act (1773)East India CompanyImport tea from India and ChinaStarted to lose moneyMiddlemen-will send to merchantsCut out middle menSmall tax on tea being imported to coloniesColonists will get it for a cheaper even though they were taxedAfraid that would tax everythingCheap teaMerchants objectMiddle men cut out=they were angryBoston Tea partyColonists dressed as IndiansDumped tea in Boston harborSamuel Adams praised the actionCousin of John Adams’Reaction Boston Tea PartyIntolerable ActsClosed port of BostonRestricted local courtsSoldiersRestricted town meetings to once a yearQuartering of army troopsSoldiers slept in houses of the colonistsQuebec Act 1774Made up of Catholics and FrenchThey were living past the Appalachian mountainsColonists were upset because the could live pats but the colonists couldn’tEffects of Quebec Act (1774)Expanded territoryCatholicismAmerican colonists object1774 First Continental congressJohn AdamsSamuel AdamsGeorge WashingtonPatrick henryRichard henry leeWork in ProgressSome agreementSome disagreementPatrick Henry “I am not a Virginian but an American!”By extension they are not EnglishmenShots Fired in 1775Seize colonial armamentsColonists have tons of powderStarted in Lexington to pick up the armsMinute menConcordLarger fight than lexington British had to withdrwa form the battleMay 1775Continental armyGen. George WashingtonContradicts-Lost French and Indian warBritish MeasuresProhibitory ActInterdicted colonial tradeBlocked portsSeized colonial shipsVirginias Lord Dunmore-Freed slaves if they took up arms against their mastersThomas PainCommon Sense1776Rejected monarchyDoesn’t do anything good for the peopleNew Social and Political orderAppealed to commonersLiterate and illiterate read itDeclaration of IndependenceRIGHTSGRIEVANCESRightsWe the peopleMen are equalEndowed with rightsLifeLibertyPursuit of happinessGovernmentsDerive powers from the consent of governed (the people)Right of people to alter or abolish the governmentGrievancesDissolved representative housesJudges depended on himKept standing armiesCut off tradeAbolished our lawsImposed hisA note on slavery…No mention of slaveryDec of independenceTalks about free men-no discussion on slaveryLecture 14 (October 6)First: The warBritish Strengths4X populationmanufacturing baseexperienced well trained armyHessians (German mercenaries)English had enough money to hire other peopleDominant navy in the worldColonial strengthsUnconventional warfareMinute men took shots behind trees-not during warVast terrainCommitmentPolitical ideology-idea for democracyFamilies and homesFight harder when have to protect themWomenMercy Otis WarrenPamphlets, playsMoney and clothing for the armyTo support continental army“all men would be tyrants if they could”Abigail AdamsBattle of Bunker HillJune 17,1776Lexington and concord was in AprilBritish prevailed (and win for the British)3 attemptsAmerican could fightSir William HoweGuy in chargeGoes to New YorkAt the same time is Admiral Richard HoweBritish fleetsLots of soldiersBritish actionBritish departed Boston (Jan 1776)British arrive in New York (July 1776)AttractionsPortsSuppliesLoyalistsLoyal to the crown in New YorkNone left in BostonFinal attempt at ReconciliationFall 1776Demanded revocation of DeclarationWarWashington defeated in New YorkBrooklyn HeightsKip’s BayVictoriesTrenton, NJDecember 1776George Washington crossing Delaware riverInto Trenton-Beat the