HIST 105 1nd Edition Exam 2 study guide lectures 12 21 Lecture 12 October 1 Colonial Society Eclectic society o Englishmen o French o Dutch o Native Americans o African Americans Young 60 21 Wealth unevenly distributed South o Value of slaves Most wealth because they had slaves Middle Colonies o Agriculture exports Europe and Caribbean New England o Made money from Ship building o After 7 years war NE does not have as much agr stuff to export make less ships Effects of French and Indian War Ship building is reduced Debt England and colonies Inflation o Decrease in purchasing power of a currency o i e bread you buy a loaf of bread from baker for a dollar a year later a dollar can only buy half a bread value of currency has gone down English parliament Dominant in England o Calling the shots Authority to Tax citizens and citizens in the colonies Versus colonial assemblies o Colonial assemblies want locals to be in charge Colonies not represented in Parliament John Locke Rights o Natural o Inalienable cant take away o Life o Liberty o Property Consent of the people o Government comes from the consent of the people We the People preamble to the constitution England in the colonies Troops o Safety of colonists o Native Americans o Canada o Florida Problem for Indians One trading partner Pontiac s war 1763 Shaky peace o Middle ground negotiation Paxton boys o Lancaster Pennsylvania o Christian women and children o Killed Indians to get land Managing Empire Board of Trade o Guys in England who make all rules of commerce between colonies and mother country Navigation acts Colonial manufactures restricted Growing Tension Sugar Act 1764 o Reduction on molasses duties o Goods shipped only to England o Strengthened vice admiralty courts prosecuting violations of trade acts Colonists wanted a jury Growing Tension Stamp act 1765 o Newspapers o Legal documents o Academic diplomas Put a stamp on everything generate revenues Reactions to Stamp Act Virginia Low tobacco prices House of burgesses o Assembly in Virginia Taxation by consent of people Resolutions Patrick Henry House of burgesses Reactions to Stamp Act Massachusetts o Andrew Oliver Collect the stamp act o Lt Gov Thomas Hutchinson Born in the colonies Office was ransacked by angry colonists Stamp Act Congress New York 1765 9 colonies Recall Albany Congress 1754 o Wanted unity to protect each other Taxation without representation Colonial Reaction Boycott British goods Merchants threatened The Women React Homespun fabric Avoided merchants Avoided items taxed by parliament Sons of Liberty Artisans and shopkeepers Violent protests British Reaction Repealed Stamp Act 1766 Other Crown Actions Townshend duties paper lead painters colors tea Stricter enforcement customs collections Boston Massacre 1770 British soldiers come along colonists start throwing rocks and British general instructs to fire on colonists Aftermath Fot Thomas Hutchinson o Troops out of Boston o Soldiers arrested Acquittal o John Adams Defended British soldiers Got them off the hook Also Crispus Attucks o Runaway slaves o Sailor o First black the dies in the defense of the new country Townshend duties Hurting British merchants Encouraged colonial production Lecture 13 October 3 Tea Act 1773 East India Company o Import tea from India and China o Started to lose money Middlemen will send to merchants Cut out middle men Small tax on tea being imported to colonies o Colonists will get it for a cheaper even though they were taxed Afraid that would tax everything Cheap tea Merchants object o Middle men cut out they were angry Boston Tea party Colonists dressed as Indians Dumped tea in Boston harbor Samuel Adams praised the action o Cousin of John Adams Reaction Boston Tea Party Intolerable Acts Closed port of Boston Restricted local courts o Soldiers Restricted town meetings to once a year Quartering of army troops o Soldiers slept in houses of the colonists Quebec Act 1774 Made up of Catholics and French They were living past the Appalachian mountains Colonists were upset because the could live pats but the colonists couldn t Effects of Quebec Act 1774 Expanded territory Catholicism American colonists object 1774 First Continental congress John Adams Samuel Adams George Washington Patrick henry Richard henry lee Work in Progress Some agreement Some disagreement Patrick Henry I am not a Virginian but an American o By extension they are not Englishmen Shots Fired in 1775 Seize colonial armaments o Colonists have tons of powder o Started in Lexington to pick up the arms Minute men o Concord Larger fight than lexington British had to withdrwa form the battle May 1775 Continental army Gen George Washington o Contradicts Lost French and Indian war British Measures Prohibitory Act Interdicted colonial trade o Blocked ports o Seized colonial ships Virginias Lord Dunmoreo Freed slaves if they took up arms against their masters Thomas Pain Common Sense o 1776 o Rejected monarchy Doesn t do anything good for the people New Social and Political order Appealed to commoners o Literate and illiterate read it Declaration of Independence RIGHTS GRIEVANCES Rights We the people Men are equal Endowed with rights o Life o Liberty o Pursuit of happiness Governments o Derive powers from the consent of governed the people o Right of people to alter or abolish the government Grievances Dissolved representative houses Judges depended on him Kept standing armies Cut off trade Abolished our laws o Imposed his A note on slavery No mention of slavery Dec of independence o Talks about free men no discussion on slavery Lecture 14 October 6 First The war British Strengths 4X population manufacturing base experienced well trained army Hessians German mercenaries o English had enough money to hire other people Dominant navy in the world Colonial strengths Unconventional warfare o Minute men took shots behind trees not during war Vast terrain Commitment o Political ideology idea for democracy o Families and homes Fight harder when have to protect them Women Mercy Otis Warren o Pamphlets plays Money and clothing for the army o To support continental army all men would be tyrants if they could o Abigail Adams Battle of Bunker Hill June 17 1776 o Lexington and concord was in April British prevailed and win for the British o 3 attempts American could fight o Sir William Howe Guy in charge Goes to New York At the same time is Admiral Richard Howe British fleets Lots of soldiers British action British departed Boston