Study guide test 3 (Lectures 22-32)Lecture 22Visiting the USMarquis de Lafayette1824Says people are patrioticGrowthPopulation (people are healthier)SizeWealthUS economic picture1820-18601860-civil warBoom-and-bust cyclesUS economic advantageDomestic and foreign capitalGovernment supportLink between government and businessIndustrializationEntrepreneurial spiritNatural resourcesLand/waterPopulation growthPeople were healthyTransportationMoving people and goodsCanalsRailroadsFlorida Had gone back to Spain-European powers are losing grip on coloniesAndrew JacksonRetaliation for Seminole attacksJackson seized east FloridaSpain empire unable to manage support and defend1819-Adams Onis TreatyFur tradeJohn Jacob AstorTrades with IndiansTrading with “Mountain men”Native Americans“Five civilized tribes”CherokeeChickasawChoctawCreek-*-Does not accommodateSeminole*-Does not accommodateAccommodationAgricultureBlack slavesPressure in Old NorthwestJeffersonian conceptRemain as farmersOthers-trans-MississippiGrowing attitude-savagesFarm landsSpeculatorsGuys who buy the land and sell it for a profitSquattersSurplus productionProduced more grain than people who can just eatCommunities on riversSelf-sufficiencyNo slavesEver farther westwardOpportunitiesTransportation1815president James madisonFederal program“Internal Improvements” ***roadscanalsrailroadsNational road-to move goodsToll roadCumberland, MD (first started) –West Virginia-came afterWheeling, VA (by 1818 )Vandalia, IL (by 1838)Robert Fulton (1765-1815)InventorSteam boat“Fulton’s Folly “North riverErie canalAlbany to BuffaloOther canalsPhiladelphia to PittsburghOhio river to ClevelandChicago to Illinois riverFarmingFertile landSteel plowBetter strains of cropsTransportationOpportunity to expand agriculture opportunityWheatNY and PAOhm IN, ILTobacco (upper south)Rice (SC)Sugar (LA)“King cotton (lower south)Lecture 23Financial WorldDemandMoneyCreditState banksPrinted own currency-went down in value-inflation1816-2nd bank of the United States20 year charterPolitical issueGrowth of Textile ManufacturingArtisanal and in-homework declinedFrancis Cabot LowellMill work increasedPower-comes from water wheel-must live near place with waterMachinesProtection of domestic manufacturersLowell WomenWomen are underemployedMove in mill townsWorking conditionsNot safe or cleanMoved into boarding housesSocial liveslots of womenNot many eligible menLabor activismStrikesPercentage of employedWhat’s the trend from 1810-1840Agriculture-decreasedFactory-increasedUrbanizationIndustriesCommercial centersMill townsBankingTransportation hubsEra of Good FeelingsJames Monroe1817-1825Virginian-last of founding fathersRepublicanOne party dominatedAmerican SystemHenry Clay (KY)War hawksIndustrial growthHigh tariffProtects domestic manufacturesHome marketInternal improvementsThings that support the economyThings that support the societyMissouri CompromiseWhether state admitted free or slavePolitical balanceNew state of Maine admitted freeMissouri will be slave stateMaine will be free stateNew states from Louisiana purchase free north of 36 degree 30“…. A fire bell in the night.” –Thomas JeffersonUS Supreme courtJohn MarshallChief justice of the Untied StatesEncouraged idea of economic developmentMcCulloch vs. MarylandMaryland imposed taxBaltimore branch of Bank of the United StatesUnconstitutionalUS had the right to establish national banksState had no right to tax US agencySouth unhappy with the decisionForeign policyThreat of reemergence of Spain and France in hemisphereFree nations=better marketsLiked idea of independent countriesMonroe Doctrine 1823Free nations in the AmericasUS out of European affairsLecture 24Democracy 1820-1830’sTheme: popular sovereigntySPECPosition formerly:EducationWealthInfluenceShifted toNot equality of rewardBut equality to opportunityCapitalismDoes not go away-still exists todayPragmatically speakingUrbanNo real estateNo other assetsClass of low-paid workersNorth can condemn south for having slaveryRuralSuccessful commercial farmersSmall holdersTenantsSomeone else owns the landInformationNewspapersInformationPoliticsEveryone was involvedPolitical powerWomen, blacks and Indians were still marginalizedThe electorate expanded through stats’ elimination of property requirementsStates get rid of rules-people are having greater opportunity to voteFactionalism grewPolitical power-argumentProducing sectorLaborersFarmersSmall businessesNon-producing sectorBankersSpeculatorsCapitalistsPolitical IssuesBanksTariffsInternal improvementsRole of federal governmentVoting percent of white makes1824-27%1828-55%Andrew Jackson (man of the people)1840-78%--trend increases1824 Presidential ElectionElection decidedHenry Clay supported John Quincy AdamsSecretary of state Henry ClayJackson “Corrupt bargain”John Q. AdamsDomesticIndustrial developmentTransportation improvementsScientific researchBelieves there is a futureInternationalCommerceSometimes at risks traveling around worldModerate of tariffsImport goods more expensiveNortherners more supportive on tariffsTariff of AbominationsElection 1828Jackson becomes President-DemocraticRural areas-cottonNations average people versus…“Monied aristocracy”opposed local (state) improvementssupported national improvementssupportive of light housesJackson and Native AmericansIndian Removal Act 1830Doomed to “weakness and decay”Argument that Andrew Jackson makesNative culture is being surrounded“Humanity and national honor”nation owes him to his humanity to moveIndians prevailed in supreme courtHarassment, intimidation, briberyIf native Americans did not moveRemoval treatyTrail of TearsMove from Georgia to Indian Territory (present day Oklahoma)Native Americans died from starvation and exposure to the weatherSeminolesSecond Seminole War1834-1841Intermarried with escaped slavesThe Tariff IssueMay 1828-“Tariffs of Abominations”For: New England, Mid-Atlantic statesAgainst Tariffs=southSouth have to purchase manufactured goods from the northThey are not selling all their cotton domesticallyWant to ship cotton to EnglandJohn C. CalhounSouth Carolina“Exposition and Protest”NullificationCongress: modified tariff dutiesSouth Carolina: Ordinance of nullification “Jackson: Force Bill of 1833Just a threatHenry Clay (KY)-negotiated settlementCompromise- does not resolve issueA toastAndrew Jackson“Our union-it must be preserved”John C. Calhoun“The union-next to our