HIST 105 1st Edition Exam 1 Study Guide Lectures 1 11 Lecture 1 Introduction Evan Carrson Prussian Former marine Gung Ho o Work together Carl von Clausewitz Prussian military theoretician On war Nine principles of war o Most important principle is Objective James Ewell Brown Stuart Battle of Gettysburg Major general Virginian West Point 1854 Cavalryman Loyalty You can count on me Lecture 2 Dower Article Two love song Opera and British One is falling in love with singers why isn t he The other is saying the singer is in love with them Same melody but a hundred years apart Tea in China Change and similarity Course Themes of Dower s article Change Continuity Character Lessons from Japan about War s Aftermath John Dower wrote in October 2002 He predicted what was going to happen When did the combat phase of operation Iraqi Freedom Begin March 2003 Historiography Methods of historical research Study and books George Bancroft Romantic nationalism o Flowery o Racist o Wordy o Philosophical ideals Progress Liberty Anglo Saxon destiny believed white people are superior and will prevail The History of the formation of the constitution of the US Charles Beard Progressive Historian An economic interpretation of the constitution of the United States o He goes through Primary Sources o Economic determinist Beard economic determination Bancroft philosophical ideas Sources Primary o Beard went to public records o Original documents Secondary o Someone who writes a book based on other books o All suspicious Fredrick Jackson turner The aim of history then is to know the element of the present by understanding what came into the present from the past What characteristics are common to nationalism and religion Similar pride Physical monuments buildings symbols of religion American flag Analysis SPEC Social o Race o Class o Gender Political Economic Cultural Lecture 3 Centers and Peripheries Peripheries centers and the Construction of Early modern American empires Hegemony o Leadership or predominant influence exercised by one nation over others o Aggression or expansion by large nations Requirements of Empire Manage Support Defend Mercantilisms Economical model Export excess production How empires are started o England makes more things than other countries Import hard currency Fund standing military forces For our purposes Center Europe Periphery Americas o Colonial Centers Philadelphia o Frontier America Where did Decisions originate Center strategic Periphery pragmatic SPEC framework on the periphery Integrate with indigenous infrastructure vs Create a new infrastructure Center Periphery Characteristics Geographic dilution Situational variation o English and French get along but sometimes don t Negotiated terms What happens when European end up in the new worlds trading instead of killing them Lecture 4 New World Encounters I Africans and Europeans Encounter the Americas Original people o Came from Asia and moved o South and East Iropquois and warnpanoag o Formed in New England On the other side of the Atlantic Africa Empires in west and central Africa Sophisticated agriculture Spread of Islam From Africa into Europe 1492 spread through Spain along trade routes o Monotheist Islam Jews Christians One God o Proselytic Make conversions Spread religion to other countries European Polities Europe New nation states Monarchs Dynasty s Religions influence Reconquista Spain 1492 religious conquest Isabella and Ferdinand Muslims and Jews out or converted Political religious conquest Formed a new state Exploring New World Technical advances Ship designs Sail o Winds Navigation instruments Mapmaking Who went Traders Missionaries Businessmen Adventurers Settlers Motivation 3G s God o Book of the first navigation and discovery of the indies Gold Glory The Portuguese South around Africa Eastward to India and China Modern day Indonesia Explores o Cao o Dias o Da gama o Cabral Sphere of Influence Social culture economically Dutch English Spanish west to new world Treaty of Tordesillas 1494 Portugal east Spain west Alexander VI Pope Spain Christopher Columbus Italian Portugal denied his request to go to China India Isabella and Ferdinand agreed Spanish Arrive Spanish captured Taios Slave trade begins o West to east back to Spain First enslaved Africans o East to west Conquistadors 1521 Cortes conquers Aztecs 1533 Pizarro conquers Incas How o Horses o Firearms o Native allies or internal strife o Smallpox Spanish Explores Traded along Arkansas river o As far up as Tennessee o Went past the GULF of Mexico o Cuba and south of north America Lecture 5 New World Encounters II Transoceanic commerce Eastward o Gold o Silver o Sugar Muslims owned it to begin with Portuguese went out to find how to make it themselves In Madeira Northwest Coast of Africa In Brazil Only economically way to produce is to have slaves Westward o Slaves o Colonizers o Finished goods Muskets Knives Europeans Conquest Immunity o Domestic animal vectors Harsh treatment o Typical of the time o Europeans were brutal to native Growth of Slave Trade Portuguese Dutch English o Eventually call the shots Used for plantation agriculture o Sugar crops Wars solely to capture slaves o Worse lights of humanity Slave trade o Grain coast o Ivory Coast o Gold Coast o Slave Coasts Crossing the Atlantic Four to eight weeks o Depends on the year One in seven died o Chained up o Lined in rack o No fresh air Destination Lifelong bondage o Some would jump off the boat Colombian exchange Small pox o Major killer to Indians Wheat Oranges Cattle Horses Syphilis o Major killer for Europeans Pigs Weeds Maize Pineapples Beans Tomatoes Llamas Turkey Silver Bolivia Mexico Inflation o So much silver coming into Europe they lost the buying power in the currency o Encourage people to leave Europe and come to the America Emigration New Spain Encomienda system o Made it possible for people who were connected or had money o Get grants o Had control over certain area and develop towns They could enslave people Catholicism Indians exploited Bartolome de las Casas o Encomienda system o Religious conversion o Becomes a Dominican priest o Ask Spain Tentative of Christian rule love one another He says everyone is sinners Spain in the Southwest Mission o Franciscans In charge of the church Lived with very little Abused their powers o Livestock o Produce o And uneasy Catholicism Do not have to convert locals to Catholicism it is only desirable England Late to the Party Religion s influence