COM 225 1nd Edition Lecture 9 Outline of Last Lecture I. Exam 1 Review Outline of Current Lecture I. Define listeningII. The listening processIII. Ways of listeningIV. Relational and content messagesV. conflict management and listeningVI. Skill development: Empathic listeningCurrent LectureI. Defining listeningA. Listening1. The process of receiving, constructing meaning from, and re-sponding to spoken and/or nonverbal messages2. Involves hearing, seeing, feelingB. Hearing1. Physiological process that accuse when sound waves are pro-cessed by the central nervous system II. The listening processA. Attention - focusingB. Interpretation - understanding C. Evaluation - judging for accuracy, usefulness D> Responding - showing appropriately that you are listening These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.1. e.g., nonverbals (smile, eye contact, forward lean), paraphras-ing (taking what they said and putting it in your own words) III. Types of listening A. Discriminatory - distinguish between different words, sounds, mean-ings (clarifying that we’ve heard things clearly and can put a word to it) B. Appreciative - derive pleasure and enjoyment (ex. music, meditationrecordings, not focused on understanding what they’re saying) C. Comprehensive - receive and remember new information (make sureyou understand it and will remember it later, ex. listening to a lecture) D. Evaluative - judge accuracy, honestly, completeness (ex. listening toa presidential candidate giving a speech) E. Empathic - comfort and help (listen to help someone else) F. Problem-focused - understand and diagnose relational problems IV. Listening styles A. People-oriented: want to build relationships, like listening to people talking about themselves, relationships, like learning more about people just for the sake of learning about themB. Content-oriented: comprehended listening, listening is about under-standing new informationC. Action-oriented: listening to organized speakers, want things to be precise and clear, want main point, not into listening to learn or build rela-tionships, want to accomplish goal as fast as possible D. Time-oriented: similar to action, also want to get things done quickly, but not as focused on things being organized or clear, want commu-nication to get done as quickly as possible V. Listening to relational messages A.Content messages1. Verbal (always words, refer to what you’re actually saying) 2. What is “actually said”B. Relational messages1. Often nonverbal (but not always)2. Says something about how participants feel about each other VI. Functions of relational messages A. Relational messages may give a “neutral” content message rela-tional meaning 1. “Shut the door”2. “Call me tomorrow”B. Relational message may repeat or contradict content messages:1. “I just love you so much” VII. Dominance-submissionA. Dominance: take controlB. Submission: give control (let someone else take control) C. Dominance and submission messages (verbal messages) 1. One-up: “We’re going out tonight”, “We’re going to the bars” - take control of other person 2. One-down: “You know, we can do whatever you want tonight” 3. One-across: “I know, I’m freezing” VIII. Relational theme 2: Emotional arousalA. Showing emotion - showing no emotion1. “This is fun” IX. Relational theme 3: Composure A. Self-control vs. out-of-control1. “I hate you.”B. Composure vs. emotional arousal1. High composure/low arousal - not feeling a lot emotion/holdingself together2. High composure/high arousal - emotionally charged/holding self together3. Low composure/low arousal - not feeling a lot of emotion/ not holding self together 4. Low composure/high arousal - a lot of emotion/ letting it out (angry = throwing things) X. Relational theme 4: Similarity A. Similar vs. dissimilarB. Often communicated through appearanceC. What other nonverbals? - similar gestures, eye-contact, body lan-guage, use of space/time, smell XI. Relational theme 5: FormalityA. Formal vs. informal (developed mini-culture with person)1. Formal: stick with cultural-level rules of interaction (basic rulesfor engaging with others in society)2. Informal: more flexibility, developed a mini-culture XII. Relational theme 6: Task-social orientationA. Task vs. Social2. Task: stick to business (some job trying to achieve with other person) 3. Social: have fun (just to socialize, not trying to accomplish tan-gible goal) XIII. Relational theme 7: IntimacyA. Composed of 5 sub-dimensions1. Affection-hostility (liking/disliking)2. Trust-distrust (look in eye, face them, tell them personal things/not standing close together, not looking in eye) 3. Inclusion-exclusion4. Intensity of involvement - Immediacy5.