COM 225 1st Edition Lecture 6 Outline of Last Lecture I. Locating nonverbal competence within communication II. Defining nonverbal communication III.Power of nonverbal communication IV.Functions of nonverbal communication V. Nonverbal codesVI. Expectancy violations theory Outline of Current LectureI. Properties of languageII. Functions of languageIII. Levels of meaningIV. CMM TheoryV. Communication and accommodation theory VI.. Gender, sex and discourseVII. Language and powerVIII. Skill-building: Conversation Current LectureI. Properties of languageA. Can convert ideas that have no clear nonverbal counterpart1. Truth2. JusticeB. However, language is sometimes not as clear as an nonverbalsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.1. Train could mean several things -train you how to do thing, could be a form of transportation2. Table could mean several things C. Is symbolic D. Consists of discrete, separable unitsE. Gives us ability to be creativeF. Is self-reflexive and evolves G. Is culturally bound - different cultures have different languages 1. No one language is more effective - no one better than others II. Functions of languageA. Conquer the silent/unknown - able to put words to things that don’t have any physical being B. Express/control emotions, thoughts C. Make/avoid contactD. Gives identityE. Give/get information F. Metacommunicate - conversation about a conversation, talk about talk, “I didn’t understand you, can you please clear it up for me.”III. Three levels of meaningA. Semantic meaning 1. Meaning at the level of the word- Denotative meaning - dictionary definition - Connotative meaning - individual or personal meaning B. Syntactic meaning1. Meaning at the level of the sentence - how we put our words together to make a sentence- Word order - Product of learning - “Mary loves Claude” vs. “Clause loves Mary” C. Pragmatic meaning1. Language as it’s actually used in interact- What does this mean, coming from an acquaintance? - “You're a hot potato” - CMM theory can help us figure it out IV, CMM: Coordinated Management of Meaning 1. Helps to make sense of words people are saying and what they are trying to accomplish 2. Speech acts: What is your point with what you say?- Persuade- Question- Comfort - Etc. - CMM theory helps us to understand what speech acts mean 3. Speech acts are nestled in:- Episodes - class, party, grocery store (what is going on in particular situation) - Relationships - between you and person who is talking - Life- scrips - who are these people, individual identities - Cultural pattern - broad culture which this is happening, jewish community, mid-western culture- All of these help answer the question: what is this speech act? According to CMM, what do we need to know to understand this statement?-“You’re a hot potato” - ask what is the situation, relationship, identity (who was the person who said it), cultural pattern - completing her ability to go out and find a job V. Communication accommodation theory A. Adapting language to other people1. Adapt- Speech rate - how was or slowly you talk, meet as closely to where they are at as possible - Clarity of language - simplicity or complexity of language used, ex. doctor could use big medical words for trained patient or simple words for normal patient - Balance of turn-taking -how much time you spent talking vs how much time the other person spends talking 2. Do not adapt- Word choice - mimicking specific words - Dialect - “a particular form of a language that is peculiar to a specific region or social group”, “Ya’All, Bless your heart” (Southern dialect) VI. Principles of cooperative communication1. What is cooperative communication?- Be brief - say what you need to say and no more - Be honest -don’t lie, tell the truth - Be relevant - stay on topic - Be clear - voice is understandable, don’t mumble, don’t use overly complicated words - Sound easy to follow but always violate