COM 225 1nd EditionExam # 1 Study Guide Lectures: 1 - 7Lecture 1 (September 3)Why we should study communicationmetacommunication - communication about communication our definition of communication and its important components (and what each means) - Communication is the process where by humans collectivity create d regular social reality • communication as a process, uniquely human, collective, creative, regulatorythe value of using definitions of communicationLecture 2 (September 8) communicative competence - ability to communicate in a personally effec-tive and socially appropriate manner the five types of communication competence and their general characteris-tics• message – including verbal, nonverbal, listening; interpretive; role; self; goalrelationship between five types of competencehow we become competent communicatorsinternal (process competence) vs. external competence (performance com-petence) Reading: approximating - because contacting is easy, people no loner make specific appointment which lead to entire evens spey trying to figure out where ev-eryone is and eventually nothing ever gets decided process perspective - become aware of whats going on when you communi-cate and beginning to recognize how the underlying processes invoked in communication manifest themselves in everyday performance - important step in improving communication skillsimplicit knowledge - knowledge we don't stop to think about, that we use consciously to guide our behavior CHAPTER 2forms of communication • intrapersonal, interpersonal, small group, organizational, face-to-face public, mediated public – the features of each form and how they dif-ferdyadic communication - communication between 2 peopleLecture 3 (September 10) why we should study interpersonal communication -can improve relation-ships with friends, family, romantic partners, colleagues myths about interpersonal communicationthe situational approach to relationships - external the developmental approach to relationships • including cultural level, sociological level, and psychological level datadefinitions of relationships • constellations of behavior• cognitive constructso prototype• mini-cultures• constellations of contradictory forceso dialectical tensionsnatural language label - consists of the word/words we use to describe a re-lationship criterial attributes - characteristics that a relationship must have to be classed by a given natural language communicative indicators - the behaviors that display an attribute Reading: public and private relationships - public- impersonal ways and very little change over time, private - close and personal characteristics of healthy relationships - shared vision of where relationshipis going, clear rules which which were mutually negotiated, shared work ethic, metacommunication is valued minimally (flexible), satisfactorily (willing to change if sense the willingness is reciprocal), and optimally competent (most interpersonally skilled, know when an when not to adapt CHAPTER 3Lecture 4 (September 15)spontaneous (intentional) and symbolic nonverbal communication (uninten-tional) the power of nonverbal communication• trusted, emotionally powerful, universal meaning, continuous, clus-teredthree functions of nonverbal communication • expressing meaning, regulating, and modifying verbal messageso ways of modifying verbal messages▪ complementing, accenting, repeating, substituting, and contradictingthree systems of nonverbal communication• visual, auditory, invisibleseven nonverbal codes: • Proxemicso three dimensions of emotional reactions to environmentso territoriality and four types of territories• kinesicso Body movement▪ emblems▪ illustrators▪ affect displays▪ regulators▪ adaptors (self and object)o facial expressions ▪ universal expressions▪ cultural display rules▪ facial blendo gazeo posture• physical appearance and artifactso facial featureso body characteristicso clothingo personal artifactsLecture 5 (September 17) • vocalicso vocal qualitieso vocal segregates• hapticso 5 contexts/functions of touch• chronemicso M-time and P-time• Olfacticso sweaty t-shirt experimentExpectancy Violations Theory• compensation (try to restore things back to the previous state) and re-ciprocation (do the same thing back)• violation valence - other persons increase in nonverbal immediacy • communicator reward value - hold power and want it • predictions based on violation valence (usually predicts outcome) and communicator reward valence (modifies outcomes) Reading: nonperson - viewed as a mere objectequivocal communication - messages that are ambiguous, uncertain, or open to more than one equally appropriate behaviors looking (gazing in the direction of the others eyes) vs. seeing (visual contactwith whole person)CHAPTER 4Lecture 6 (September 22)properties of languagefunctions of language three levels of meaning (semantic, syntactic, pragmatic)• characteristics of each, including connotative and denotative meaningCMM Theory • speech act• episodes • relationships• life-script• cultural patterncommunication accommodation theory• what to adapt and not adaptfour principles of cooperative communication - be brief, honest, relevant, clear Lecture 7 (September 24 ) difference between sex and gendersex and discourse (early and recent findings)• female register and its effects• qualifiers • tag endings• disclaimerspotential reasons for sex differences in communication - status or power basic findings of study on gender and sex and relational maintenance behav-iorsSapir-Whorf hypothesis• linguistic determinism (language we use will determine how we see the world) and linguistic relativity (speakers of different languages will see the world differently) free information - extra information contained in a response that can sug-gest additional topics closed (one word answers) - and open (leaves conversation open ended) -ended questionsthree functions of conversational closings - signals the end, signals support-iveness by showing appreciation, summarizes main topics Reading:Constitutive (tells us how to recognize speech acts) and regulative (identify, in a given context, the speech acts that are appropriate and inappropriate) rules elaborated (middle class speakers make more complex grammatical deci-sions) and restricted codes (working-class speakers tend to use framer in more rigidly determined ways) muted-group theorists -