BIOL 111 301 1st Edition Lecture 6 Outline of Last Lecture I Cell Membranes II Diffusion III Osmosis IV Aquaporin V Movement across membrane Outline of Current Lecture I Cell Division and the cell cycle II Stages of mitosis III Cytokinesis IV Control of Cell V Cancer unstoppable cell division Current Lecture Cell division and the cell cycle o Why do cells need to divide To have the embryo to grow bigger to replace the lining in your gut wound repair o Where do cells divide o What is the end result of cell division DNA replication Cell growth Two daughter cells o Prokaryotes Binary fission o Eukaryotes have a nucleus mitosis and cytokinesis Dividing the nucleus into two mitosis Dividing the rest of the cell into two cytokinesis o Vocabulary Chromatin DNA protein Chromosome Discrete unit of DNA protein Chromatid Replicated chromosome attached Centromere Portion of chromosome that connects chromatids Centrosome Region that organizes the centrioles and other microtubules Kinetochore Protiens at centromere that interact with spindle microtubules o Are all cells dividing G0 In dividing cells Interphase G1 make more nucleotides S synthesis of DNA G2 making spindle apparatus Mitotic phase Mitosis Cytokinesis Stages of mitosis o G2 of interphase Centrosomes with centriole pairs Chromatin duplicated o Prophase Early mitotic spindle Aster Chromosome consisting of two sister chromatids o Prometaphase Fragments of nuclear envelope No kinetochore microtubules o Metaphase All chromosomes aligned on the metaphase plate Centrosome at one spindle pole o Anaphase Sister chromatids split o Telophase and cytokinesis Nuclear envelope forming Nucleolus forming Cleavage furrow Cytokinesis division of the cytoplasm o Animal cells Cleavage furrow Microfilaments actin and myosin o Plant cells Cell plate cell wall plasma membrane Vesicles derived from Golgi Control of the cell cycle o Checkpoints border crossings Need some sort of signal to signal to the border crossing that you can keep going o Signals Accumulation of specific protiens cyclins G2 checkpoint Cyclin protein accumulates Interacts with Cdk enzyme Forms mitosis promoting factor Mitosis indicated Cancer uncontrolled cell division o No checkpoints o Non stop mitosis creates tumors o No density dependent inhibition o Tumors can spread to other parts of body metasis
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