BIOL 1107 1nd Edition Lecture 9 Outline of Last Lecture I II III IV Obesity Diets Zero Calorie Foods Good Carbs vs Bad Carbs Functions of fat and its importance Outline of Current Lecture I Proteins Nutrition II Membranes III Properties of Membrane Proteins IV Types of Transport Current Lecture I Proteins Nutrition What are some good sources of protein Corn beans nuts eggs fish Complete proteins source of protein that contains an adequate proportion of all nine of the essential amino acids necessary for the dietary needs of humans or other animals These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Fake fats sugars Aspartame NutraSweet variation of two amino acids 200 X sweeter than sugar gets broken down into their amino acids phenylalanine aspartame Olestra fatty acids joined to sucrose won t break down into their amino acids why You need enzymes to break molecules like these down and the body doesn t have them o You have to be careful when having supplements like these because the body doesn t absorb these alternatives therefore it is flushed out of the body What s the best way to avoid obesity To limit your total calories not just your fat calories II Membranes Phospholipids main component of membrane Can form micelle lipid bilayer which is what the membrane is made of Phospholipid heads are not linked and stats movement occurs Unsaturated fats more fluid animals in colder climates have more unsaturated fats Cholesterol ensure stability make it less fluid Nonpolar molecules cross the lipid bilayer easily because they can squeeze through the hydrophobic core of the membrane Q Which of the following molecules could move through a phospholipid membrane with the least difficulty A O2 oxygen because it s a nonpolar molecule How do molecules cross III Hydrophobic straight through the membrane Hydrophilic use transport proteins Properties of Membrane Proteins They are amphipathic have hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties How is water likely to pass through cell membrane Aquaporin protein channel for water 3 billion water molecules per second Osmosis diffusion of water Hypertonic shriveled isotonic normal Hypotonic lysed Hypertonic A solution that has more solutes than in the cell Isolation A solution that has same concentration of particles as the cell Hypotonic A solution that has less solutes than in the cell IV Types of Transport Passive down concentration gradient Active up concentration gradient
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