BIOL 1107 1nd Edition Lecture 27Outline of Last Lecture I. Asexual v. Sexual ReproductionII. Mitosis v. Meiosis III. Meiosis IIV. Meiosis IIOutline of Current Lecture I. Genetics II. Mendel’s Law of Segregation III. Law of Independent Assortment Current LectureI. Genetics- How are characteristics inherited?- Renee and Kian Hodgson -> fraternal twins (April 2005)- Where do “traits” come from?- How are traits passed from one generation to the next?- How are characteristics produced?These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Gene for Enzyme P (Alleles)o 3’ ---CUG- UCA-CAC---5’ Leu – Ser – Leu-- -> Purpleo 3’---CUG- UGA- CAC---5’ Stop -> White- A plant has one white allele and one purple allele. Will the flowers be purple or white?- Q: How are traits passed from one generation to the next? (Popular exam Q!)o Phenotype: purpleo Genotype: Ppo Get used to the difference b/n the two termsMetaphase I: Metaphase II: PXP pXpPXP pXpFinal daughter cells: II. Mendel’s Law of Segregation- Q: What if you cross two heterozygous plants together?P pP PP Ppp Pp pp- Monohybrid cross: shown above- ¼ PP, 2/4 Pp, ¼ pp- 3 purple, 1 white - Although both parent plants were purple (Pp), we have one white offspring (pp)- Mendel’s crosseso P generation- pure bred/true breeding (PP, pp)o F1 generation- P X Po F2 generation- F1 X F1- Tall (T) is dominant to short (t). Give the F2 genotypic and phenotypic ratios of a cross between a pure breeding tall dog and a pure-breeding short dogo F2 -> genotype- 1:2:1, phenotype: 3:1- Q: In dogs, black fur (B) is dominant to white (b). If two black dogs are crossed and have all black pups:o 3) one parent was homozygous - How could we test for the genotype of a puppy? Look below PI pI pI PIb bB Bb BbB Bb Bb- All are black pupsb bB Bb Bbb bb bb- Half black/half white - What if you look at two characteristics? (dihybrid cross)o You cross two true breeding plants. One has round, green seeds and the other has yellow, wrinkled seeds o Round/wrinkled (R/r); yellow/green (Y/y)- Parental phenotype: round, green seeds III. Law of Independent Assortment- States that allele pairs separate independently during the formation of gametes. This means that traits are transmitted to offspring independently of one
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