BIOL 1107 1nd Edition Lecture 16Outline of Last Lecture I. CR Stage 3: Citric Acid cycle (Krebs)II. CR Stage 4: Oxidation PhosphorylationIII. Regulation of Cellular Respiration processOutline of Current Lecture I. Fermentation ProcessII. Why Anaerobic Respiration in Humans?III. Extra Credit: Cyanide vs. DNP?Current LectureI. Fermentation Process- What is the main purpose of fermentation? Regenerate NAD+ (also so that we can keep making ATP)- What stage benefits from fermentation? Glycolysis- Why not the other stages? FAD also needed for Krebs; NOT enoughThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.II. Why Anaerobic Respiration in Humans?- Supply of energy in muscle, ATP (2-3 sec), Creatine-P- The phosphate of Creatine goes to ADP -> makes ATP (substrate-level phosphorylation; 10-12 sec)- Glycogen (aerobic and anaerobic)- Aerobic gives us about 60 minutes worth of energy; anaerobic only 1-2 mins (shows us the importance of oxygen)- Examples: quick sprint (anaerobic) -> carbs (enter pathway @ glycolysis, while lipids enter pathway only at Krebs cycle)- high intensity (both anaerobic and aerobic) -> carbs, fats- moderate pace (aerobic) -> carbs, fatsIII. Extra Credit: Cyanide vs. DNP- Make sure to review the key aspects discussed in the extra credit assignment (below)- Cyanide ion prevents transport of electrons cytochrome C to oxygen (affects oxidative phosphorylation stage)- DNP: in living cells, it acts as a proton ionophore, an agent that can shuttle protons (hydrogen cations) across biological membrane (also affects oxidativephosphorylation stage) - Some questions to consider during your discussion: o What stage of cellular respiration does these compounds affect?o Can you draw a diagram showing the target of each compound and itsimmediate effects o What cellular metabolites should be measured? ATP, NAD +, NADH, O2, H+,
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