BIOL 1107 1nd Edition Lecture 12 Outline of Last Lecture I. CFTR Protein & Cystic FibrosisII. NucleusIII. Endoplasmic ReticulumIV. CytoskeletonOutline of Current Lecture I. Golgi II. Pulse-Chase ExperimentIII. Eukaryotes vs. ProkaryotesIV. Advantages of OrganellesV. Other Components in the Cell?VI. VirusesCurrent LectureI. Golgi- packaging and modifying proteinsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- UPS store of the cell- side that faces ER = cis & other side = trans- exocytosis -> transport mechanism used to get proteins out of the cellII. Pulse-chase experiment- Tagged amino acid (methionine, serine, etc.)- Radioactive -> can see proteins transferred from ER to plasma membrane- # in data = # of tagged proteins- Lysosome? Intercellular digestion; proteins that are malfunction; can break down compounds and re-useCFTR in non-CF patient vs CFTR in CF patientHow would a prokaryote make a secreted protein?No ER; What membrane does prokaryote have?Plasma membraneIII. Eukaryotes vs. ProkaryotesEukaryotes ProkaryotesMembrane-bound organelles NucleoidNucleus 1-10 micro meters (much, much smaller)10-100 micro meters (size)IV. Advantages of Organelles- Improve efficiency in cells- Way of compartmentalizing stuff; we don’t want harmful substances eating up everything in the cell- Extensive number -> can be used to make lots and lots of proteins- Mitochondria uses membrane to make ATP- Limits on cell size? Yes!Q: A cell can move a molecule across 1 cm^2 of membrane per minute. What final concentration of molecules would be in each of the cells below after one minute? (molecules/cm^3)Surface Area Volume Concentration1 cm 1 x 1 x 6 = 6 1 x 1 x 1 = 1 6/1 = 62 cm 2 x 2 x 6 = 24 2 x 2 x 2 = 8 24/8 =43 cm 3 x 3 x 6 = 54 3 x 3 x 3 = 27 54/27 = 2- How cells get bigger? Villi (increase membrane surface area), plants (use vacuoles), egg: is it a single cell? Yes. Egg cell is metabolically inactive V. Other Components in the Cell? [look in the textbook for more detail]- Mitochondria/chloroplast – energy- Peroxisome- break down fatty acids -> H2O2 -> H2O- ECM- structure/strength/elasticityVI. Viruses- Extremely small (20 micro meters)- Life cycle of virus (DNA vs RNA virus) -> picture below- No smooth ER, etc (can’t make its own proteins) -> steals organelles from host - TAMIFLU -> blocks building off process- How do vaccines work? (view picture on next page)- RNA not as stable as
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