BIOL 1107 1nd Edition Lecture 25Outline of Last Lecture I. Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)II. Bio-farmingIII. Plasmids & Restriction EnzymesOutline of Current Lecture I. MitosisII. Chromosome MappingIII. Karyotype IV. InterphaseV. Phases of MitosisCurrent LectureI. Mitosis- Why do cells divide? Repair, growth - Every 2 weeks, you have new skin layer, your liver regenerates every 1-2 years- What doesn’t divide? Brain cells- Dividing cells can be bad -> cancerous - Eukaryotic chromatin packing: These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.II. Chromosome mapping - 23 pairs of chromosomes -> 46 chromosomes - Q: The diploid chromosome # in standard lab mice (genus Mice) is 40, what isn for this organism? n = 20 (n = pairs of chromosomes)III. Karyotype- x + y = male- x + x = female- 46 = or > n- 23 = n (in humans)IV. Interphase - What would you expect the chromosome to look like in G1? 2 arms- What would you expect the chromosome to look like in G2?- For Test 4, you should be able to draw a chromosome in different phases!- Also, you should be able to tell what phase something’s in by looking @ picture - During interphase, centrosomes replicate, centrioles (made up of microtubules) -> centrioles are very important - Without microtubules, spindle won’t be able to form properlyV. Phases of Mitosis- 1st phase of mitosis -> prophase o Chromosome condense (packaging gets more and more and more), mitotic spindle forming, asters - Prometaphase: nuclear envelope breaks down, spindle binds chromosomes; kinetochore - Anaphase: sister chromatids separate; get pulled to opposite sides (now daughter chromosomes)- Telophase & cytokinesis: nuclear envelope reforms, chromosomes decondense; cell uses actin and squeezes it
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