BIOL 1107 1nd Edition Lecture 3 Outline of Last LectureI. CarbonII. Functional GroupsIII. WaterOutline of Current Lecture I. Polymer & Organic MacromoleculesII. Dehydration/CondensationIII. CarbohydratesIV. DisaccharidesV. Polysaccharides VI. Nucleic AcidsVII. Nitrogenous BaseCurrent LectureI. Polymer & Organic MacromoleculesPolymer- long chain of building blocksBuilding blocks of life- sugars, proteins, nucleic acids, lipidsWhich monomer is used to form each type of macromolecule?Nucleic acids- monomer: nucleotideProteins- monomer: amino acidsSugars- monomer: monosaccharide II. Dehydration/CondensationDehydration or condensation- removing water from polymer These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Figure 1: PolymerizationFigure 2: Degradation** You should be able to put macromolecules together if given monomerIII. CarbohydratesUsed in cell membranesPlants: cell wall; plants store carbohydrates for rigidity and structure Really important in your joints (keeping it nice & lubricated)What does carbohydrate look like? It’s hydrophilic (therefore, helps keep water in our joints, keeping it lubricated)Trioses: 3-carbon sugars (C3H6O3)Molecule Cellular ProcessGlyceraldehyde GlycolysisPentoses: 5-carbon sugars Nucleic acidsHexoses: 6-carbon sugars Cellular respirationNumbering of carbon atoms (in ring form, start numbering with carbon below OH)IV. DisaccharidesSucrose (glucose & fructose)Lactose (galactose & glucose) MilkMaltose (glucose & glucose)V. Polysaccharides Alpha (α) and beta (β) glucose ring structuresStarch: 1-4 linkage of α glucose monomers (ex: potatoes)Cellulose: 1-4 linkage of β glucose monomers Alpha (α) and beta (β) difference: hydroxyl group is the other wayQuestion: Why are human enzymes that digest starch unable to digest cellulose?Cellulose has beta-glycosidic linkages; starch-digesting enzymes cleave only alpha-glycosidic linkagesShape of alpha (α) and beta (β) molecules are very different VI. Nucleic AcidsNucleic acids are responsible for genetic inheritance (DNA)RNA- carries ribosomes to make proteinMonomer for nucleic acids; nucleotides DNA vs RNA? One is deoxyribonucleic acid and other is just ribonucleic acidGenetic code; what part of nucleotide carries that info? Nitrogenous baseVII. Nitrogenous BasePyrimidines- cytosine (C), thymine (T, in DNA), uracil (U, in RNA)Purines- adenine (A), guanine
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