Psyc 4130 1nd Edition Lecture 35 Outline of Last Lecture I Tigerring MDD II Autoreceptor Downregulation III Heritability IV 5 HTT Polymorphisms V Counterintuitive Case of 5 HTT VI 5 HTT and Depression VII Anatomy of MMD VIII MAOIs IX Cheese Effect X TCAs XI TCA Overdose XII 2nd Generation Outline of Current Lecture I VTA II Hedonics Models III Self Medication IV Brain Plasticity V Who Becomes Addicted VI PFC Underdevelopment VII Tolerance VIII Withdrawal IX Withdrawal and Neg Reinforcement Current Lecture Chapter 18 VTA Reinforcement wanting craving Reinforcement vs punishment operant conditioning Hedonics Models Why people come to abuse drugs and repeat the process to feel the pleasure rush again KNOW positive reinforcement versus pleasure for exam o They are not the same thing happen at the same time sometimes but not same thing These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Self Medication Negative reinforcement Ends up becoming an alcoholic but started drinking because of social anxiety Brain Plasticity During addiction changes connections adaptability of the brain Dopamine system changes adaptive changes in VTA teaching the brain how to become an addict Plasticity adaptations alterations not always a good thing Sensitization LTP of VTA o Sensitized outputs as a result of the input Mesolimbic Alterations obsessions extreme incentive o Obsessions Cause anxiety obtrusive unwanted o Strengthening of connections in mesolimbic system Nigrostriatal alterations compulsions o i e drug seeking Neural changes responsible for addiction follow a dorsally cascading set of reciprocal connections between the striatum and the vta Figure 18 1 establishment of neural changes in the dorsal striatum Who Becomes Addicted Most people who are exposed to addictive drugs do NOT become addicted Adolescents are the most vulnerable development of PFC Half of all substance addiction begins between 15 18 Earlier use of illicit drugs predicts polydrug use and the severity of addiction Very few substance addictions begin after age 20 Highlights the role of the developing PFC PFC Underdeveloped Greater risk taking Greater impulsivity Greater novelty seeking Reduced judgment and Behavioral inhibition Tolerance Higher dose of drug over time than a lower dose gave you previously Same dose overtime produces diminishing effects DSM requirement for substance dependence Withdrawal Unpleasant aversive condition Sets in when person stops taking drug the body is use to having around Withdrawal and Neg Reinforcement Relapsing
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