Psyc 4130 1nd Edition Lecture 35 Outline of Last Lecture I. Tigerring MDDII. Autoreceptor DownregulationIII. HeritabilityIV. 5-HTT PolymorphismsV. Counterintuitive Case of 5-HTTVI. 5-HTT and DepressionVII. Anatomy of MMDVIII. MAOIsIX. “Cheese Effect”X. TCAsXI. TCA OverdoseXII. 2nd GenerationOutline of Current Lecture I. VTAII. Hedonics ModelsIII. Self-MedicationIV. Brain PlasticityV. Who Becomes Addicted?VI. PFC UnderdevelopmentVII. ToleranceVIII. WithdrawalIX. Withdrawal and Neg. Reinforcement Current Lecture Chapter 18!! VTA- Reinforcement, wanting, craving- Reinforcement vs punishment (operant conditioning) Hedonics Models- Why people come to abuse drugs and repeat the process to feel the pleasure/rush again- KNOW *positive reinforcement versus pleasure (for exam)o They are not the same thing, happen at the same time (sometimes) but not same thingThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Self-Medication- Negative reinforcement - Ends up becoming an alcoholic, but started drinking because of social anxiety Brain Plasticity- During addiction, changes connections, adaptability of the brain- Dopamine system changes (adaptive changes) in VTA, teaching the brain how to become an addict- Plasticity = adaptations/alterations (not always a good thing)- Sensitization/LTP of VTAo Sensitized outputs as a result of the input- Mesolimbic Alterations: obsessions (extreme incentive)o Obsessions- Cause anxiety, obtrusive, unwantedo Strengthening of connections in mesolimbic system - Nigrostriatal alterations: compulsionso i.e. drug seeking- “Neural changes responsible for addiction follow a dorsally-cascading set of reciprocal connections between the striatum and the vta.”- Figure 18.1 establishment of neural changes in the dorsal striatum Who Becomes Addicted?- Most people who are exposed to addictive drugs do NOT become addicted - Adolescents are the most vulnerable (development of PFC)- Half of all substance addiction begins between 15-18- Earlier use of illicit drugs predicts polydrug use and the severity of addiction.- Very few substance addictions begin after age 20. - Highlights the role of the developing PFC. PFC Underdeveloped- Greater: risk taking- Greater: impulsivity- Greater: novelty seeking- Reduced judgment and Behavioral inhibition. Tolerance - Higher dose of drug over time, than a lower dose gave you previously- Same dose overtime produces diminishing effects - DSM requirement for substance dependence- Withdrawal- Unpleasant, aversive condition- Sets in when person stops taking drug the body is use to having around Withdrawal and Neg Reinforcement-
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