Psyc4130 1nd Edition Lecture 16 Outline of Last Lecture I. Altered ConsciousnessII. Sleepa. Field PotentialsIII. Desynchronous Brain Activitya. Beta wavesb. Alpha wavesIV. Stages of Sleepa. 1 & 2b. 3 & 4c. 5V. Focus PointersOutline of Current Lecture I. Generally…II. SleepIII. Delta WavesIV. SWSV. REM SleepVI. Brain Activity During REMVII. REM, SWS, and LearningVIII. Disorders of SleepIX. NarcolepsyCurrent Lecture Generally…These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Sleep and Attention!- How sleep deprived are you?- How well can you pay attention?o Norepinephrine is associated with cognitive ability to deliberate and pay attention to detail o Youtube clip: Whodoneit? “clue” Keep walking- awareness test aka attention blindness Sleep- 25% of people struggle with insomnia – 10% on a regular basis, tends to get worse with age because of physiological reasons. Spend more time in stage 1 & 2 sleep, sometimes rarely stay, or get in stage 3 & 4.- Siesta: around 3:30 pm- nap time, biologically set for a mid afternoon nap. 20 min nap= people feel invigorate. 1.30 nap= people are very awake around 10pm, feel groggy right after waking from nap- Melatonin: enhances stage 3 and stage 4 sleep, intensifies growth hormone release- Major two shifts: rem sleep increases throughout night span (wee hours of morning) & slow wave sleep pattern is exact opposite (less as night goes on) Delta waves - Appear, with S3 “operationally defined” as 20%-50% delta activity- Stage 4- is operationally defined as 50% and up delta activity SWS- Most important aspects of SWS… (more on slides)- Figure 9.3- EEG and Single-cell activity o Downstate- suppression of neocortical neurons; slow oscillation; descending phase, neurons are hyperpolarized and don’t fire Vs.o Upstate- ascending phase; neurons fire- The short breaks/rests from excitation that SWS provides is vital to learning and memoryo Memory “consolidation” REM Sleep- 45 mins into SWS, the EEG comes to resemble stage 1 (awake-ish) state (e.g. desynchronized)- Subjects eyes begin rapidly darting back and forth under closed eyelids- A profound loss of muscle tone (cataplexy) develops, with the subject being literally self-paralyzed - Motor area of brain is extremely active during REM sleep. The cataplexy shuts off motor neurons so you don’t perform your dreams. Want neuro part, not behavior part.- REM looks a lot like awake cycle through EEG- Wake someone up in middle of REM- they were dreaming (even if you don’t remember dream)- Subject awoken from REM will likely report having been dreaming- REM dreams tend to be “narrative,” involving a storyline progression of events o Storylines tend to be characteristically non-sensible Brain Activity During REM- Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is a rough index of how active certain regions of the brain are.- Freud- manifest content dream (what you actually dreamed about)- Low CBF in PFC and V1 during REM- High CBF in visual association cotex- Translation: lots of nice images, but little context/coherency- “Dreamer has no feeling of striving for long term goals, but is carried along by flow of time, by circumstances that crop up in an unpredictable way”- sounds like bad ADHD days- hypofrontal (PFC is not being fully activated i.e. by drugs, schizophrenia, brain injury…) REM, SWS, and Learning- Figure 9.8- REM Sleep and Learning- Figure 9.9- Slow-Wave Sleep and Learningo Declarative learning task vs. non-declarative learning tasko After nap, slow wave sleep showed improvement- **Overall know: REM- motor memory, performance memory Disorders of Sleep- Look up on slides (didn’t go over in class) Narcolepsy- Rusty: video of dog- suddenly falls asleep when he’s trying to do other things (cataplexy attack)- Sleep attacks & cataplexy - Emotional provocation- fall on ground (not asleep, fully conscious just fall/puddle on ground), mechanism that paralyzes body is activated at wrong time. Lose complete muscle tone. Happens under unexpected events, laughter, comic videos- Sleep attacks: happens under boring conditions (i.e. class/faculty meetings), monotonous
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