Psyc4130 1nd Edition Lecture 16 Outline of Last Lecture I Altered Consciousness II Sleep a Field Potentials III Desynchronous Brain Activity a Beta waves b Alpha waves IV Stages of Sleep a 1 2 b 3 4 c 5 V Focus Pointers Outline of Current Lecture I Generally II Sleep III Delta Waves IV SWS V REM Sleep VI Brain Activity During REM VII REM SWS and Learning VIII Disorders of Sleep IX Narcolepsy Current Lecture Generally These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Sleep and Attention How sleep deprived are you How well can you pay attention o Norepinephrine is associated with cognitive ability to deliberate and pay attention to detail o Youtube clip Whodoneit clue Keep walking awareness test aka attention blindness Sleep 25 of people struggle with insomnia 10 on a regular basis tends to get worse with age because of physiological reasons Spend more time in stage 1 2 sleep sometimes rarely stay or get in stage 3 4 Siesta around 3 30 pm nap time biologically set for a mid afternoon nap 20 min nap people feel invigorate 1 30 nap people are very awake around 10pm feel groggy right after waking from nap Melatonin enhances stage 3 and stage 4 sleep intensifies growth hormone release Major two shifts rem sleep increases throughout night span wee hours of morning slow wave sleep pattern is exact opposite less as night goes on Delta waves Appear with S3 operationally defined as 20 50 delta activity Stage 4 is operationally defined as 50 and up delta activity SWS Most important aspects of SWS more on slides Figure 9 3 EEG and Single cell activity o Downstate suppression of neocortical neurons slow oscillation descending phase neurons are hyperpolarized and don t fire Vs o Upstate ascending phase neurons fire The short breaks rests from excitation that SWS provides is vital to learning and memory o Memory consolidation REM Sleep 45 mins into SWS the EEG comes to resemble stage 1 awake ish state e g desynchronized Subjects eyes begin rapidly darting back and forth under closed eyelids A profound loss of muscle tone cataplexy develops with the subject being literally selfparalyzed Motor area of brain is extremely active during REM sleep The cataplexy shuts off motor neurons so you don t perform your dreams Want neuro part not behavior part REM looks a lot like awake cycle through EEG Wake someone up in middle of REM they were dreaming even if you don t remember dream Subject awoken from REM will likely report having been dreaming REM dreams tend to be narrative involving a storyline progression of events o Storylines tend to be characteristically non sensible Brain Activity During REM Cerebral blood flow CBF is a rough index of how active certain regions of the brain are Freud manifest content dream what you actually dreamed about Low CBF in PFC and V1 during REM High CBF in visual association cotex Translation lots of nice images but little context coherency Dreamer has no feeling of striving for long term goals but is carried along by flow of time by circumstances that crop up in an unpredictable way sounds like bad ADHD days hypofrontal PFC is not being fully activated i e by drugs schizophrenia brain injury REM SWS and Learning Figure 9 8 REM Sleep and Learning Figure 9 9 Slow Wave Sleep and Learning o Declarative learning task vs non declarative learning task o After nap slow wave sleep showed improvement Overall know REM motor memory performance memory Disorders of Sleep Look up on slides didn t go over in class Narcolepsy Rusty video of dog suddenly falls asleep when he s trying to do other things cataplexy attack Sleep attacks cataplexy Emotional provocation fall on ground not asleep fully conscious just fall puddle on ground mechanism that paralyzes body is activated at wrong time Lose complete muscle tone Happens under unexpected events laughter comic videos Sleep attacks happens under boring conditions i e class faculty meetings monotonous conditions
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