Psyc4130 1nd Edition Lecture 6 Outline of Last Lecture II. Ligand-gated ion channelIII. Ligand-gated Chloride channelIV. EPSPV. IPSPVI. Nodes of RanvierVII. ExocytosisVIII. SynapseIX. Post-synaptic ReceptorsX. DiffusionXI. Terminating TransmissionOutline of Current Lecture XII. Overview/Review of Neuroanatomy XIII. Major Neurotransmittersa. Monoaminesi. Dopamineii. Norepinephrineiii. Serotoninb. Otheri. Acetylcholineii. Glutamateiii. GABACurrent Lecture Overview/Review of Neuroanatomy - Resting potential, graded potential beyond -70- Threshold of excitation- transient reversal- Action potential = all or nothing, salutatory conduction jumping at nodes of ranvier - Exocytosis- release of neurotransmitters into the synapse- Between cells are chemical signals, not electrical- Neurotransmitters bind receptors/activates receptors and influence what happens in post-synaptic cell, engage tabotropbic receptors (cause intracellular events, indirectly modulate ion channels, protein transcription) Major NeurotransmittersThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Monoamineso 1. Dopamine (DA)- tyrosine (quick and easy enzyme reaction from tyrosine to dopamine, readily and very easy). Dopamine can turn into norepinephrine.o 2. Norepinephrine (NE)- tyrosineo 3. Serotonin (5-HT)- tryptophan (amino acid, simple modifications =serotonin)- Othero 4. Acetylcholine (ACh)- First neurotransmitter ever identified- i.e. frog hearts “vagustoff” example In periphery important for skeletal/muscle contraction/movement Autonomic nervous system: rest and digest (parasympathetic); fight or flight Nucleus Basalis (be familiar for test): cluster of functionally related cell bodies in one area of brain. Found on the basil forebrain area. Send acetylcholine out to brain. Roles: learning & memory (Alzheimer’s- in early stages see cell loss in nucleus basalis); attention; reward (feeling good NOT reinforcement) Ex: nicotine nAChR’s (nicotinic acetylcholine receptors) o 5. Glutamate- EXCLUSIVELY EXCITATORY Amino acid= glutamine in brain is used to make glutamate Glutamate Receptors: Ionotropic (gate ion channels) = NMDA- Store and consolidate new declarative memories, allows sodium and calcium ions to come into postsynaptic cell Bringing sensory signals into brain (i.e. visual receptors) for rapid excitation/sensationo 6. GABA- The brains main inhibitory neurotransmitter (main break pedal of brain), inhibits neural activity. Didn’t have GABA brain would have static epileptic seizures and die. Cell becomes excited (positive) releases GABA to postsynaptic cell, which has GABA receptors. When GABA binds to GABA receptors it causesan inhibitory response (negative). More you have in presynaptic, less you have in postsynaptic. Net result = more activity of first cell, more of last (disinhibition). GABA is EXCLUSIVELY INHIBITORY; suppression Aka break
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