Psyc4130 1nd Edition Lecture 6 Outline of Last Lecture II Ligand gated ion channel III Ligand gated Chloride channel IV EPSP V IPSP VI Nodes of Ranvier VII Exocytosis VIII Synapse IX Post synaptic Receptors X Diffusion XI Terminating Transmission Outline of Current Lecture XII Overview Review of Neuroanatomy XIII Major Neurotransmitters a Monoamines i Dopamine ii Norepinephrine iii Serotonin b Other i Acetylcholine ii Glutamate iii GABA Current Lecture Overview Review of Neuroanatomy Resting potential graded potential beyond 70 Threshold of excitation transient reversal Action potential all or nothing salutatory conduction jumping at nodes of ranvier Exocytosis release of neurotransmitters into the synapse Between cells are chemical signals not electrical Neurotransmitters bind receptors activates receptors and influence what happens in post synaptic cell engage tabotropbic receptors cause intracellular events indirectly modulate ion channels protein transcription Major Neurotransmitters These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Monoamines o 1 Dopamine DA tyrosine quick and easy enzyme reaction from tyrosine to dopamine readily and very easy Dopamine can turn into norepinephrine o 2 Norepinephrine NE tyrosine o 3 Serotonin 5 HT tryptophan amino acid simple modifications serotonin Other o 4 Acetylcholine ACh First neurotransmitter ever identified i e frog hearts vagustoff example In periphery important for skeletal muscle contraction movement Autonomic nervous system rest and digest parasympathetic fight or flight Nucleus Basalis be familiar for test cluster of functionally related cell bodies in one area of brain Found on the basil forebrain area Send acetylcholine out to brain Roles learning memory Alzheimer s in early stages see cell loss in nucleus basalis attention reward feeling good NOT reinforcement Ex nicotine nAChR s nicotinic acetylcholine receptors o 5 Glutamate EXCLUSIVELY EXCITATORY Amino acid glutamine in brain is used to make glutamate Glutamate Receptors Ionotropic gate ion channels NMDA Store and consolidate new declarative memories allows sodium and calcium ions to come into postsynaptic cell Bringing sensory signals into brain i e visual receptors for rapid excitation sensation o 6 GABA The brains main inhibitory neurotransmitter main break pedal of brain inhibits neural activity Didn t have GABA brain would have static epileptic seizures and die Cell becomes excited positive releases GABA to postsynaptic cell which has GABA receptors When GABA binds to GABA receptors it causes an inhibitory response negative More you have in presynaptic less you have in postsynaptic Net result more activity of first cell more of last disinhibition GABA is EXCLUSIVELY INHIBITORY suppression Aka break pedal
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