Psyc 4130 1st Edition Lecture 26 Outline of Last Lecture I. Ted TalkII. Cortical StructuresIII. Humans with Amygdala DamageIV. Ventromedial PFCV. PFC: The Morality FactorVI. vmPFC Damage in AdultsVII. Example ScenariosOutline of Current Lecture I. Proposed (Normal) circuitry for Personal Moral Decision MakingII. “But, Your Honor, I Have PFC Damage”a. hypofrontalityb. Serotoninc. SolutionsCurrent Lecture Proposed (Normal) circuitry for Personal Moral Decision Making- VmPFC anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) o [part of cingular gyrus which is part of limbic system]- ACC dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC)- dlPFCo It is proposed that the ACC enables empathy, whereas the dlPFC engages workingmemory, verifies info, assesses response selection, etc.. in an effort to implementthe optimum solution- Figure 11.11 moral decision and the vmPFC o Impersonal moral decision making scenario no differences o Damage to vmpfc? = More powerfully endorse active variety of moral decision making outcome - vmPFC: Houston, we’ve got a (moral) problem- element of dissonanceThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- ACC: do unto others…o Empathy center- dlPFC: well, what if I do X..? What if I do y?o last fork in road, leads to final decision “But, Your Honor, I Have PFC Damage”- Two young adults who suffered dramatic selective damage to PFC as infants- Neither showed moral behavioro From childhood on, they sole, lied, physically and emotionally abused others, andnever showed any remorseo No friends, no jobs, didn't care- Decrease glucose utilization within the PFC in antisocial and Borderline Personality disorders- Low levels of 5-HT activity in general AND within the PFC of monkeys and people who have significant deficits in controlling impulsive/risky behaviorso Axis II disorders, ADHD, etc… - Hypofrontality o PFC is deficient in how its being activated - Serotonino Inhibiting impulsive behaviorso Live and Let Die: 5-HIAA Levels and Rhesus Monkey Longevity Measure levels of serotonin activity Young monkeys with lowest 5-HIAA levels displayed high levels of aggression to older monkeys who outranked them, picked fights that theycouldn't possibly win, and engaged in other perilous behaviors… Of N=49 monkeys originally assessed, almost half of the ones with lowest 5-HIAA levels were dead 4 years later, whereas ALL monkeys with highest 5-HIAA levels were still alive- Solutionso Pick your parents wisely: high level of heritability component for disorders involving emotional dysregulationo Take drugs: pharmacotherapies that enhance 5-HT activity have bene sjown to improve emotional regulation abilities in ppl with impaired functiono Train your body: exercise has been shown to enhance sero activityo Train your brain: practice may not be perfect but It can only help (the younger the
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