Psyc4130 1nd Edition Lecture 31 Outline of Last Lecture I Psychosis II Psychotic Conditions III Schizophrenia a Demographics b Adolescence and Onset IV Symptomology a Hallucinations b Delusions c Thought Disorders d Negative Symptoms Outline of Current Lecture I Schizophrenia II Hallucination III Cognitive Symptoms IV Etiology V Etiology Factors VI Brain Abnormalities Current Lecture Schizophrenia Figure 16 8 age at first sign of psychotic symptoms in schizophrenic patients Hallucinations Perceptions not based on physical stimulation of the sensory system s Auditory is the most common Visual is not so common unlike in movies May occur in ANY sensory modality Cognitive Symptoms Attention deficit Low psychomotor speed Deficiencies in Learning and Memory Poor Abstract Thinking Poor Problem Solving Abilities Cognitive and negative symptoms appear to be attributable to deficiencies in the same brain regions These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex very involved with working memory cog deliberation Cognitive and negative symptoms appear to be attributable to deficiencies in the same brain regions Figure 16 9 Discordant means 1 twin is diagnosed with schizo and the other isn t Figure 16 10 Hypofrontality in Schizophrenia o Failing to engage neural machinery required toe execute these cognitively demanding tasks cant bring neurons online or muster up neural energy to complete the task that requires focused attention Etiology Genes Nature No schizophrenia gene Polygenic o Multiple genes Roughly 50 concordance for MZ twins Stress Diathesis o Diathesis individual variability level of susceptibility due to genetic factors Figure 16 1 Heredity and Schizophrenia Figure 16 7 monozygotic twins inner uterine environment Etiology Factors Pathogens and Immune Factors o In utero exposure to viruses o Seasonality effect driven by cold flue season Immune system and sensitivity is getting into the brain and affecting connections in fetus s brain o Vitamin D deficiency Dark skinned growing up far from equator L Birth Perinatal Complications o LBW o Rh Incompatibility o Emergency C Section o Preeclampsia Aka toxemia hypertension edema protein in urine o Most significant factor is hypoxia deprivation during the birthing process Brain abnormalities Ventricular enlargement in schizo Accelerated loss of cortical gray matter Figure 16 6 MRI scans of brains of twins Figure 16 9 cortical gray matter in schizo adolescents
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