Psyc4130 1nd Edition Lecture 27 Outline of Last Lecture I Proposed Normal circuitry for Personal Moral Decision Making II But Your Honor I Have PFC Damage a hypofrontality b Serotonin c Solutions Outline of Current Lecture I LTP and the Physiology of Learning a HCF b LTP c What is the physiological basis of learning and memory d Hebbs Original Principal e NMDA f Ketamine g Alcohol h Early LTP i Late LTP j Nootropic Drugs Current Lecture LTP and the Physiology of Learning section from chapter 13 on learning and memory The whole brain cortex is connected project throughout entire brain networks of interconnected neurons HCF o CA Fields CA1 Entorhinal cortex HCF Amygdala can activate hippocampus and vice versa Hypothalamus mammillary bodies papez circuit LTP o NMDA glutamate receptor coincidence detector o Ketamine PCP Dextromethorphan MK 801 Alcohol These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute What is the physiological basis of learning and memory o New neurons NO you don t grow new neurons aka neurogenesis in brain new neurons aren t the answer o New connections No severing s of brain affect in systematic way Areas of brain damage don t matter what matters is how much cortex is damaged overall NOT THE ANSWER o Stronger connections Certain pathways become strengthened facilitated communication between different synapses Hebb s Original Principle Hebbian Synapases o If neuron A is stimulating neuron B and at the same time neuron B is also firing then the strength of the connection between A and B will be enhanced hypothesis of what is happening in synaptic strengthening o Neurons that fire together wire together Figure 13 8 look at this in text o Be able to explain what is going on in situation o Synaptic strengthening occurs when synapses are active while membrane of postsynaptic cell is depolarized o Glutamate o NA is excitatory epsp s NMDA o Allows sodium in enhances post synaptic effect o Allows in calcium calcium is really important for regulating processes Kick starts cascade within post synaptic membrane second messenger initiates LTP process Ketamine o Attaches itself to NMDA receptors and blocks them Alcohol o IPSP neurons don t fire as much o NMDA receptor blockade effect o Temporary amnesia effect Early LTP o Doesn t require protein synthesis Late LTP During LTP o Stuff you tend to remember in childhood is stuff that was really good or really bad o Very robust LTP event hard to stamp out even with time o You can get LTP effects that last for several decades o You want to learn and remember better learn ochem and remember it Nootropic Drugs o Aka smart drugs o NMDA receptors as agonists more robust o These drugs can enhance ability to learn encode and retrieve info Big pic questions to note o Calcium coming in CaM KII Initiating cascade of events that can lead to changes even in gene expression AMRA receptors more powerfully depolarization each time glutamate is released Sensitisation of AMPA Increased expression AMPA Expainsion on post synaptic membrane o NO nitric oxide gas working as neurotransmitter o Cramming aka MASSED Practice vs distributed
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