BIO 446L 1st Edition Lecture 36 Outline of Last Lecture I. Female Reproductive System contda. Mammary glands contdi. Prolactinii. Breast cancerb. Embryonic implantation and placentac. 3 germ layersi. Ectodermii. Mesodermiii. Endodermd. Pre-eclampsiaII. Male Reproductive Systema. Anatomyb. Testesi. Seminiferous tubulesii. Spermatic cordc. Seminiferous tubule—sertoli and interstitial cellsi. Sertoli cellsii. Myeoid cellsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.iii. Interstitial cells1. Leydig cellsd. Sertoli cellsi. Spermatogoniae. Interstitial Leydig cellsf. Spermatogenesisi. Blood testis barrierOutline of Current Lecture I. Male reproductive system contda. Spermatogenesisb. Spermiogenesisc. Intratesticular and genital ductd. Epididymisi. Decapitation factore. Ductus deferensf. Accessory glands- seminal vesiclesi. Principle cellsg. Prostate glandi. Prostate cancerCurrent Lecture- Male Reproductive System contd.o Spermatogenesis contd Spermatagonia—germ cells migrate to seminiferous tubules during development so grow up with immune system Spermatids develop later so immune system may attack- Why they reside safely in the blood-testis barrier Spermatagonia divide asymmetrically - Spermatagonia to be spermo First division is primary spermatocyteo After first meiotic division stays that way for 3 weekso Second meiotic division spermatids sperm released to lumen of seminiferous tubule- Spermatagonia not to be sperm replenish type A spermatogoniao Spermatogenesis: daughter cells to type A spermatagonia type B spermatagonia primary spermatocytes secondary spermatocytes spermatids mature spermatozoa residual bodies Intercellular bridges are lost and residual bodies are left over The membranes/cytoplasms are joined through majority of process to synchronize timing of sperm developmento Spermiogenesis Acrosome cap forms over head Flagellum develops on opposite pole and mitochondria migrate around flagellum to provide energy for movement Nucleus condenses, cytoplasm is lost Bridges are shed Not yet mature before release- Can’t swim yeto Intratesticular and Genital duct Myeoid cells push sperm down seminiferous tubule to straight tubule Sperm and fluid flow to Rete testis at mediastinum of testis More toward epididymis in efferent tubule- Efferent tubule—columnar stereocillia epithelia also shorter nonstereocilliated epitheliao This is where water reabsorption occurs to prevent drying because sperm are very dehydrated at this pointo Epididymis Epithelia is pseudostratified columnar weith stereocillia Sperm cells in lumen—here for a few weeks, more fluid reabsorption, maturation, learn to swim, get receptors for zona pellucida proteins- Won’t get the necessary duel to swim until passageway is ready- Decapitiation factor addedo Can’t fertilize until in the female tract where capitulation factor is releasedo Ductus deferens Long tube- Extension of body (scrotum) abdominal cavity Wall has longitudinal, circular, longitudinal muscular layers- Peristalsis to push sperm and contracts during ejaculation Mucosa with elastic connective tissue and immune cells in lamina propia- Lumens are small, epithelial wall is heavily folded and consists of pseudostratified columnar with stereocilliao Accessory glands—seminal vesicles Fluid flows from seminial vesicles to ejaculatory duct- Forms semen—fluid and sperm- Glands are tubular acinar with folded wallo Secrete fluid into ejaculatory duct- Where fructose is secreted—fuel for mitochondria- Prostaglandins to contract- Fibrinogen—clots before ejaculationo Antral fluid of ovum has estrogen, testosterone, and plasminogen (an anticoagulant—breaks down clotted sperm)- Leads to prostate gland where joins the urethra Principle cells—produce all of these secretionso Prostate gland Concentric layers of fibro muscular tissue around acinar glands Zones: transitional (ejaculatory duct into this zone), peripheral, central Prostate cancer- Usually derives from peripheral zone cells- Prostate specific antigen—liquefies coagulated secretionso Because can get into circulatory system, could be potentially harmful and high levels of PSA often serve as a marker to indicate high risk for prostate cancer (after a biopsy of the prostate as
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