BIO 446L 1st Edition Lecture 6Outline of Last Lecture I. Connective Tissue Contda. Collagenb. Reticularc. Elasticd. Ground substancei. GAGsii. Proteoglycaniii. Multiadhesive glycoproteinsII. Adipose Tissuea. White adipose tissueOutline of Current Lecture I. Adipose Tissue Contda. Storage and mobilizationb. Brown fatII. Cartilagea. Hyalineb. Elasticc. Firbrocartilaged. ChondrogenesisIII. Bonea. Compactb. Spongyc. Periosteum and EndosteumThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.d. Bone Cells and MatrixCurrent LectureAdipose Tissue Continued- Storage and Mobilizationo Fat is stored in adipocytes as triglycerideso Chylomicron= produced in digestive tract Coated with protein to make a vesicle Travels in lymph system and triglycerides are broken down by lipoprotein lipase, which is synthesized by the adipocyteo Insulin promotes fat storage and fatty acid synthesis from glucose People with Type II diabetes having high glucose and high insulin are often obese because of thiso Nerve ending of adipocyte utilizes norepinephrine Promote fat break down- Also growth hormone and glucagon- Brown Fato Adults have little brown fat on back of neck and around the adrenal glando Newborns have much more because it generates a lot of heato Heat, not ATP is generated UPC1 protein allows proteins that have been pumped out of mitochondria to re enter- This generates energy in the form of heat, rather than ATP because it does not involve a proton motive forceCartilage- Connective Tissueo Stress absorption and friction reduction- Avascular/ poorly vascularized- Typeso Hyalineo Fibrocartilageo Elastic cartilage- Chondrocytes in lacunae- Perichondrium= covering of cartilageo Developing chondroblasts can help supply blood since poorly vascularized- ECM composed of GAGs, proteoglycan, glycoprotein, collagen, elastic fibers- Hyaline Cartilageo Tracheao Laid down by chondroblastso Articular cartilage= type of hyaline cartilage that never ossifies Major jointso Perichondium contains progenitor cells for chondroblasts Chondroblasts chondrocyteso ECM composed of collagen type II, heavily hydrated proteoglycan, multiadhesive glycoprotein (chondronectin)- Elastic Cartilageo Epiglottis, pharynx, ear tubeso ECM composed of Collagen type II and elastic fibers - Fibrocartilageo ECM primarily composed of Type Io Dense Chondrocytes arranged linearlyo Intervertebral disk Can hold a lot of weight Cushions compressiono No distinguishable perichondrium Blood supply comes from connective tissue- Chondrogenesiso First stage= chondroblasts, little matrixo Second stage= more and more matrix, more and more cellso Third stage= as nmore matrix gets laid down, cells get more dispersed Interstitial growth= mitosis of stem cells of chondrocyteso Fourth stage= these chondrocytes will eventually separate completely as matrix finished being laid down Appositional growth= differentiation of chondrocytesBone Tissue- Connective Tissue- SEE FIRST SLIDE for important images that go with these notes- Osteoblast= lays down matrix- Osteocyte= blast becomes trapped, matures to cyte, contains bone tissue- Osteoclast= macrophage, breaks down matrix, important for regeneration- Hard, solid matrix but contains collagen, GAGs, proteoglycan, and multiadhesive glycoproteins- Compact boneo Connective tissue layers Periosteum- Outer layer-- blood vessels enter the bone tissue- Inner layer—progenitor layer- Bone tissue is laid down in lamellae o Rings of bone matrixo Osteons= series of lamellae around a blood vessel Osteocytes connected to each other with canaliculi (canal-like processes) Endosteum- Covers bone- Thin layer- Progenitor cells- Spongy boneo Trabecular= triangular-like shapeo No central blood supply Canaliculi to bone marrow for blood supply- Periosteum and Endosteumo Connective tissue layer coveringo Periosteum is thicker then endosteumo Osteoprogenitor cellso Sharpey’s fibers= fibrous attachment of periosteum to bone- Bone cells and matrixo Osteoblasts secrete matrix to deposit bone tissueo Osteoblasts can revert back to lining cells if not yet trapped to become osteocyteso Osteocytes can not revert back to osteoblastso Osteonectin= multiadhesive
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