BIO 446L 1st Edition Lecture 34 Outline of Last Lecture I. Female Reproductive Systema. Anatomyb. Follicles of the ovaryi. Primordial and primary follicles1. Layersii. Secondary follicles and atresiac. Oogenesisd. Ovulation e. Corpus luteumf. Uterine tubeOutline of Current Lecture I. Female Reproductive System contda. Uterine tubei. Fertilizationb. Uterusi. Layersc. Cervix and vaginad. Regulation of menstrual cycleThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.i. Hormonal regulationii. Menstrual cyclinge. Mammary glandsi. Milk productionCurrent Lecture- Female Reproductive System Contd.o Uterine (Fallopian) Tube First sperm to make way in corona radial will set up acrosome reaction- Will make way to zona pellucidao Causes release of acrosin Acts as protease to kill other spermo Causes immediate response of ovum to finish meiosis II Polar body Developing zygote begins to divide very rapidlyo Uterus Primarily smooth muscle Perimetrium surrounds uterus Myometrium is thickest- Increases in size during labor to contract very strongly Endometrium is inner layer- Sloughs during menstruation- Thin layer—surface epitherlium- Lots of glands and blood vesselso Basal layer= uterine gland and spiral artery baseso Functional layer= glands and spiral arteries (branch and coil heavily), glands are larger during menstrual cycle- Arteries and veins terminate in lacunaeo Pools of blood to endometrium for implantation of placenta if there should be a pregnancyo Cervix and vagina Cervix—cone shaped- Partly in uterus—simple columnar epithelium- In vagina—stratified squamous epithelium covers cervix in vaginao Lymphoid tissue under epithelium- Muscularis layer of vaginao Circularly arranged muscular wall PAP smear- Cervical cells swabbed and smearedo Stain differently depending on keratin Basal and spinosal have the most keratin (stain orange) Surface cells (stain blue) More orange and large with off shaped nuclei possibly cervical cancer (risk increase if have HPV)o Regulation of Menstrual Cycle Hormonal regulation in hypothalamus with GnRH- Begins development of follicles at puberty- Target in anterior pituitary- LH and FSH release- Estrogen is a positive feedback to increase FSH, LHo Corpus luteum formso Will disintegrate if not fertilizedo Menstrual cycle Progesterone and estrogen are hormonal support for uterine layer- Estrogen is high in the first 14 days of the cycle (peaks during ovulation)o Stimulates endometrium tissue to grow Supports placenta if there is pregnancyo Peak for 24 hours is positive feedback for FSH, LH that signals ovulation- Corpus luteum forms and after ovulation, progesterone increases for the second 14 days- Without pregnancy, corpus luteum regress and endometrium decreaseso Basal layer always there, only functional level changeso Mammary glands Modified sweat glands with adipose tissue Lobules with alveoli that produce and secrete milk Development of mammary glands during pregnancy If not pregnant, lobules and alveoli are sparse Early pregnancy, lobules grow and produce milk When lactating, ducts are close together, alveoli are large and plentiful Milk let-down- Duct cell leads milk to nipple where milk is stored- Oxytocin allows myoepithelia to contract to let milk down from duct to go to nipple- Scattered venules, lymphocytes from venules alveolio Lymphocytes secrete IgA into milk ducts Immunity for newborn Milk= lipids and proteins- Protein granules exocytosed (eccrine)- Lipid droplets exocytosed/discharged into lumen of milk gland with protein and portion of cytoplasm
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