BIO 446L 1st Edition Lecture 22 Outline of Last Lecture I. Circulatory System 2- Blood Vesselsa. Vascular systemi. Right versus left side (pulmonary vs. systemic)b. Vascular tunicsc. Elastic and muscular arteriesd. Arterioles and capillariesi. Capillaries1. Capillary bedse. Venules and veinsOutline of Current Lecture I. Circulatory system 3- blood and hemopoiesisa. Components of bloodi. plasmaii. Erythrocytesiii. Leukocytes1. Neutrophils2. Eosinophils3. Basophils4. Lymphocytes5. Monocytes6. thrombocytesCurrent LectureCirculatory system 3- blood and hemopoiesis- components of bloodo plasma—mostly water, proteins (albumins are most abundant), gases, electrolytes draw blood into a tube with anticoagulates—this blood can’t clot and blood will be separated from plasma serum—layers will sit and separate, coagulates in the blood will clot and what’s left is water component regulatory proteins, like insulin, also circulateo erythrocytes—red blood cells These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o buffy coat—platelets and leukocytes (WBCs) WBC—granulocytes and agranulocytes- Most abundant are neutrophils, followed by lymphocytes- Too many= -ilia- Too few= -emia- Erythrocyteso Can be larger than some capillaries Incredibly flexible so that they can fito Biconcave disks Mediated by spectrin and ankyrin- Spectrin—forms mesh and attaches to actin and microtubules- Ankyrin—anchors integral proteins to mesho No nucleus or cellular componentso Integral proteins—band 3 protein and glycoprotein A with glycocalyx and antigenso Anemia—too few RBCso Polycythemia—too many RBCs, clotso Sickle-cell anemia—sickled RBCs due to point mutation- Leukocyteso Granules Azurophillic—act like lysosomes Specific—specific to granulocyteo Diapedesis—walking to antigen Chemotaxiso Shorter lifespan than RBCso Neutrophils—neutral when stained Twisted lobes in nucleus Granules Larger than other leukocyteso Eosinphils—acidophilic, low nucleus Prevalent in parasitic infections Granuleso Basophils—basophilic, small nucleus Granules—many granules, hide the small nucleuso Lymphocytes—small, no granules, nucleus fills the celo Monocytes—large, C-shaped nucleus, no granules- Neutrophilso First responderso Very good at diapedesiso Phagocyteso Granules—degranulate when activated Azurophillic- electron denseo “tail” is a barr bodyo Activated macrophage—cytokines released, P selectin at vessel wall, neutrophil has receptors and will stick to wall, endothelial cells widen, neutrophils enter andcrawl Chemotaxis—when activated, released cytokines direct neutrophil to correct site with chemical gradient- Eosinophilso Azurophillic granuleso Bright red stain—acidophilico Specific granules—oval shaped Where digestive enzymes are for parasitic attack and allergic reactionso Not prevalento Attack antibody and engulf- Basophilso Specific granules with heparin, GAGs, and histamineo Azurophillico Granules respond to allergic reactions and infectionso Mediators with mast cells to modulate anaphalaxis Second exposure to invading antigen- Lymphocyteso Agrunulocyte Very little cytoplasm T, B, natural killer lymphocytes- Stain the same unless use immunochemistry because they have different markers Migrate out of blood to tissue and tissue to blood- Monocyteso Agranulocyteo Very largeo Big C shaped nucleuso Parents for macrophages Will activate in bone marrow and will begin to replenish themselves Recall osteoclasts as an example of a macrophage- Thrombocyteso Pieces of much larger cell that clip off in blood stream and function as plateletso Degranulate to activate clottingo Peptidoglycans make them sticky GAGs are secreted to outsideo Open canaliculi facilitate contact with cytokines in bloodo When blood vessel integrity is broken, exposed collagen causes platelets to collect Degranulate and stickiness More are then recruited to get a platelet plug until tissue is repaired- Platelet plug forms fibrin mesho Fibrous protein traps particles, RBCs, and platelets until
View Full Document
Unlocking...