BIO 446L 1st Edition Lecture 11Outline of Last Lecture I. Musculoskeletal System 1a. Cartilageb. Bone types and markingsc. Superficial muscle structured. Muscle shapese. Muscle movementsf. Muscle contractioni. Neuromuscular junctionII. Musculoskeletal System 2a. Shoulder jointi. clavicleii. Scapulaiii. Humerusb. Innervation of the shoulderi. Movement at the glenohumeral jointii. Blood supplyc. scapulahumeral musclesd. deltoide. tres majorf. rotator cufg. gelenohumeral jointOutline of Current Lecture I. Joints and Movementa. Diarthrosis and Synarthrosisb. Articular cartilage and intervertebral diskc. Diarthrosisd. Synovial jointsi. Pivotii. Ball and socketiii. Acromioclaviculariv. Hingev. Saddlevi. condyloidThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Current LectureJoints and Movement- diarthosis= freely movable- synarthosis= limited or no movemento synostosis= bones uniteo synchondrosis= joined by hyalineo syndesmosis= joined by dense fibrous connective tissueo symphyses= immovable joints with a pad of fibrocartilage- Articular cartilage and intervertebral disko Gelatinous material in nuclear proposes Fibroblasts (mesenchyme)o Osteoclasts sense pressure diferences in bone at intervertebral disk and bone may give way and remodel itselfo Osteoblasts diferentiate to make bone just as it was beforeo MA= ruptured disk Pinching on nerve- Diarthrosiso Cartilage on end of both bones of a jointo Synovial membrane--part of capsuleo Capsule—contains collagen (fibrous tissue) and synovial membraneo Ligaments alongside of bones at jointo Cartilage will not renew itself When it wears away, bone rubs on bone- Can cause edema (swelling) at the joint- Synovial jointso Pivot, ball and socket, acromioclavicular (gliding), hinge, etc.o Diferent joints have diferent placement of cartilage to allow for the type of movement possible at that jointo Uniaxial= one plane of movemento Diaxial= two planes of movemento Multiaxial= several/all planes of movement- Pivoto Rounded process of bone fits into a bony ligamentous socket Permitting rotation (atlas- C1 and axis C2)- Ball and socketo Multiaxialo Shoulder and humerus, hip and femuro Rounded head fits into a concavityo Hyaline cartilage at each endo Freely movable jointo Ligaments around each bone are very strong here- Acromioclavicular (gliding)o Clavicle and acromion of scapulao Very little movemento Fairly vulnerable Shoulder separation can occur here- Hingeo Elbow joint—humerus and radiuso Permits flexion and extension onlyo Uniaxial No abduction/adduction Supination/protonation is possible because radius can rotate - Ulna is held in tight- Saddleo Biaxialo Saddle shaped headso Knuckles- Condyloido Biaxialo Hinge, abduction, adductiono Metacarpophylangeal
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