BIO 446L 1st Edition Lecture 23 Outline of Last Lecture I. Circulatory system 3- blood and hemopoiesisa. Components of bloodi. plasmaii. Erythrocytesiii. Leukocytes1. Neutrophils2. Eosinophils3. Basophils4. Lymphocytes5. Monocytes6. thrombocytesOutline of Current Lecture I. Circulatory system 3- blood and hemopoiesis contda. Homopoiesisb. Erythropoiesisc. leukopoeisisi. granulopoeisisii. neutrophilsiii. monocytes and agranulocytesd. thrombopoiesisII. immune systema. lymph and vesselsb. components of lymph tissueCurrent LectureCirculatory 3 contd—Blood and hemopoiesis- hemopoeisiso process by which RBCs are produced in red bone marrowo occurs in hip bone, sternum, femuro in utero, also occurs in liver and spleen able to revert back to producing RBCs in these tissues under certain conditions, i.e. in children with sickle-cellThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o sinusoid capillaries discontinued basement membrane and epithelial layer—leakyo bone marrow is a connective tissue reticular (lacey) fibers in ECM, primarily glycoproteins and viscous due to hyaluronic acido for RBCs to reach sinusoid, pressure gradient pushes cell to cell junction (different mechanism because not good at diapedesis like WBCs) unable to move back and forth, because once in the vessel, flow takes them awayo process of homopoiesis most cells go from large to small, nucleus shape and placement changes, change in staining- this is because at different points in maturation, different proteins and cellular components are being produced starts with blasts and goes to cytes pluripotent stem cells—truly non-differentiated- rare, slow dividing, non-differentiated fetal cells- can be stimulated to develop into virtually any tissue- gives rise to myeloid and lymphoid stem cells, which are also non-differentiated for the most part but differentiate slightlyo myeloid gives rise to RBCs, platelets, most WBCs, thrombocyteso lymphoid gives rise only to lymphoblasts and cytes- erythropoiesiso erythropoietin—colony stimulating factor for RBCso when immature, stain blue due to large presence of RNA then stain red due to large presence of hemoglobino reticulocytes are sometimes circulated before becomes mature erythrocyteo entire process takes about 4 dayso low O2 at high altitudes is a stimulus for RBC production need to increase supply to make up for decreased gas exchange due to decreased O2 supply- leukopoiesiso granulopoiesis as matures, begin to see azurophillic granules then specific granules myelocye is first committed cello neutrophils granules don’t pick up stain- filled with granules- poly-lobed nucleus band cells= immature neutrophils- nuclei has horseshoe shape- some enter blood stream before maturation- left shift= less mature more matureo cells right before neutrophil are band cells neutrophil compartments- develop in bone marrowo some neutrophils are stored in bone marrow (unique to neutrophils)o most move into blood after maturing cells can move back and forth from marginating cells (stuck to endothelia) and circulating cellso monocytes and lymphocytes—agranulocytes leukemia= abundance of lymphocytes and other WBCs monocytes—parents for macrophages- not many maturation stages lymphocytes—T and B cells- immune system (more on this later)- thrombopoiesiso plateletso megakaryoblast—chromosomes divide by no cytokinesis so polyploidyo proplatelet arms—allow to break off into fragments (platelets) to enter sinusoidImmune System- lymph= watery fluid of immune system- lymph vesselso start in periphery and lymph flows to heart where it is recirculatedo thin walls and have valveso located in same areas as blood vesselso punctuated by lymphnodes immune surveillance tissues that sample lymph for any immune disturbance (foreign materials)and can mount an immune attack- components of lymph tissueo lymphocyteso plasma cells—produce antibodieso neutrophilso eosinophilso phagocyteso mast cells- antigen presenting cells—antigen must be presented to lymph cell to be recognized and thus induce an immune responseo B lymphocyteso Macrophageso Follicular dendritic cells Lymphoid noduleso Epithelial reticular cells Thymus- Reticular fiber matrixo Loose connective tissueo Free or enclosed (nodules) Nodules-- B lymphocytes and mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT—mucosa contains system for immunity)o Germinal centers- Antibodies are receptors- T lymphocytes are
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