ANTH1102 1st Edition Lecture 17 Outline of Last Lecture I Subsistence A Patterns of Subsistence i foraging ii Horticulture iii Agriculture iv Pastoralism v industrialism B Economic Principles i What motivates people in different cultures ii How economies are organized in different societies Outline of Current Lecture I Religion A Types of Religion i Shamanic ii Communal iii Eccleciastical Olympian iv Monotheistic B Expressions of Religion Current Lecture Religion shared community beliefs rituals concerned with supernatural beings power forces cultural universal several purposes maintain social order explain the unexplainable provide cultural cohesion communitas gives context for daily experiences Types of Religion shamanic shamans mediate between the supernatural and humans common in foraging and horticulture societies communal involve shamanism community rituals and multiple nature gods also common in foraging and horticulture ecclesiastical established church and hierarchy of officials olympian pantheon of gods with full time religious specialists e g classical Greek religion found in nation states monotheistic belief in single omnipotent deity with full time religious specialists Expressions of Religions animism belief in souls spirits e g Confucian religion belief in altars for the dead powers and forces supernatural impersonal force e g Melanesian Mana magic supernatural techniques intended for specific aims imitative e g voodoo contagious i e whatever object is connected to a person such as hair no matter where it goes or what happens to it the person will still be affected practical control the uncontrollable e g fishermen engage in certain magic acts to ensure positive outcome while fishing and trading rituals stylized repetitive shared social practice set off from everyday routine social acts liturgical orders e g plays sports games rites of passage mark important stages of life separation liminality return to society with different identity e g having first child or going to college and graduating totemism cosmological belief system nature is the model for society totems animals plants geological features believe people descend from and are connected through a mythological force being creates group solidarity
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